Milady Electricity

Chapter 13

1. Milady Electricity Chapter 13

2. Explore: Achieve: Focus: Have you experienced a situation with out electricity? Why is this chapter relevant for your industry? How many services can you perform without electricity? Major terms related to Electricity Direct current & Alternating current Electrical overload VS. short circuit Safety measures Vocabulary Electric current Safety measures

3. ELECTRICITY is the movement of electrons from 1 atom to another along a conductor A form of ENERGY when in motion has magnetic, chemical or thermal effects Flow of electricity; Movement of electrons

4. CONDUCTOR- any material that conducts electricity; electric charges are free to move around NON-CONDUCTOR / Insulator- does not transmit electricity easily; electric charges are fixed in place, like in an atom

5. A COMPLETE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT is a path of an electric current from generating source through conductor back to original source

6. Types of Electric Currents Direct current ( DC) Alternating current ( AC )

7. Types of Electric Current DIRECT CURRENT – DC; constant even flowing current IN 1 DIRECTION; chemical INVERTER/CONVERTER – changes DC To AC ; plug and cord

8. Types of Electric Current ALTERNATING CURRENT – AC; rapid, interrupted current, flows in 1 direction and back ; mechanical ( changes 60 times per second ) RECTIFIER – changes AC to D.C.; rectifier changes AC from electric wall outlet to DC to recharge batteries

9. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS VOLT- V; voltage; measures force; Wall socket 120 volt for small appliances Large appliances 240- V shaped prong AMPERE- A, AMP; measures strength ,# of electrons Homes power box has certain number of AMPs coming to house. Circuits will have 10, 20, 30 or larger amp ratings Blow dryer that has 12 amps needs a thicker cord than one of 6 amps

10. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS MILLIAMPERES- mA , 1/1000th of an Ampere Used for facials & scalp treatments AMPs would be too strong OHM- O, measures resistance Determined by size, material, temperature Will not flow unless force ( volt ) is stronger than resistance ( ohm ) Temperature rise will increase resistance in conductor

11. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS WATT- W, measures how much electricity( power ) is being used in 1 second 40 watt lightbulb uses 40 watts of energy per second Blow dryer can use 1,000 watts per second KILOWATT- K, 1,000 watts Electricity in your house is measured in kilowatts per hour ( KWH ) You pay electric company so many cents her kilowatt hour used

12. CIRCUIT BREAKER automatically interrupts or shuts off at first sign of overload FUSE- prevents too much current from passing through circuit; designed to blow or melt when overloaded

13. REVIEW Does electricity have physical or chemical properties? Electricity is a form of ____________, which is a movement of _______ What is an electric current? All substances are either insulators or … .. What is a complete circuit? Difference between Direct current & Alternating current? Which is chemical? Difference between invertor & rectifier? Volt measure? Ohm measures? Watt measures? Difference e between Fuse & Circuit breaker?

14. UL approval is underwriters laboratory and certifies the safety of electrical appliances

15. UL certified Read all instructions Disconnect when not in use Pull by plug, not cord Inspect regularly Keep all electrical equipment in good repair Use only 1 plug in each outlet Avoid contact with water, metal surfaces and wet hands Keep cords off the floor Do not leave client unattended while connected Do not attempt to clean around outlets Do not touch 2 metal objects at same time if plugged in Do not step on cords Keep untwisted Do not repair yourself

16. All appliances have 2 electrical connections LIVE connection supplies current to circuit GROUNDING- " the ground " completes the circuit and carries it away safely GROUNDING PIN - 3 prong plug, guarantees safe path even if wire is loose GROUND FAULT INTERRUPTERS – GFI, protect from electrical shock where there is a leak; required in bathrooms, kitchens, outside

17. EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN COSMETOLOGY MECHANICAL Alternating currents Positive & negative poles Push pull effect Clippers, electrodes Electric current travels through water based solutions to produce stimulating & relaxing results ELECTROCHEMICAL HEATING Conductor has resistance to flow of current Curling iron/ blow dryer have heating elements that heat when current flows Low setting cuts amount of flow to conductor

18. UNDERSTANDING ELECTROTHERAPY ELECTROTHERAPY is the use of equipment for corrective and therapeutic benefits: Skin firming Deep firming Deep cleansing Germicidal cleansing Hydration Product penetration

19. UNDERSTANDING ELECTROTHERAPY WALL PLATE is a facial stimulator; any facial device that plugs into wall socket Produces currents for electronic facial treatments Reduces electric power through wire conductor so it can be safely handles by the human body

20. UNDERSTANDING ELECTROTHERAPY Currents used in electronic facial and scalp treatments are called MODALITIES Those MODALITIES are: 1- Galvanic currents 2- Microcurrents 3- Tesla high frequency

21. ELECTRODE is a probe; conducts electric current from machine to skin Carbon, glass, metal 2 electrodes: + - UNDERSTANDING ELECTROTHERAPY An electrode is the only safe contact point through which the current can pass to the client

22. UNDERSTANDING ELECTROTHERAPY POLARITY- is the positive or negative state of an electric current

23. ELECTROTHERAPY- GALVANIC CURRENT Oldest form of electrotherapy Most common Direct current Has a positive and negative pole Products are formulated to carry a + or – charge Basic principle that like charges repel and opposites attract Repelling pushes product into the skin Before extractions: opens pores, helps break up clogged pores After extraction: used to close pores During mask for deeper penetration of product

24. ELECTROTHERAPY- GALVANIC CURRENT

25. ELECTROTHERAPY- GALVANIC CURRENT The process of introducing WATER soluble products into the skin with an electric current is ION TOPHORESIS Forcing an acid or alkali into the skin

26. ELECTROTHERAPY- GALVANIC CURRENT CATAPHORESIS POSITIVE + POLE ANAPHORESIS NEGATIVE - POLE Acidic reactions Closes pores Soothes nerves Decreases blood supply Contracts blood vessels Hardens and firms tissues Using current from POSITIVE towards NEGATIVE Alkaline reaction Opens pores Stimulates/ irritates nerves Increases blood supply Expands blood vessels Softens tissues Forces current from NEGATIVE towards POSITIVE DEINCRUSTATION

27. ELECTROTHERAPY- MICRO CURRENT MICROCURRENT benefits: Blood/ lymph circulations Acid/ alkali reaction Opens/ closes pores Increase muscle tone Elasticity reduces redness/ inflammation Increase skin metabolism MICROCURRENT is an ALTERNATING CURRENT Low voltage Mirrors body's own electrical charge Produces muscle contractions " Natural " face lift

28. ELECTROTHERAPY- TESLA HIGH FREQUENCY TESLA HIGH FREQUENCY – known as violet ray Thermal / heat producing High vibration used for scalp & facial treatments Great for thinning hair , dry skin, itchy scalp

29. ELECTROTHERAPY- TESLA HIGH FREQUENCY Does not produce muscle contractions Stimulating or soothing Only 1 electrode is used at a time 3 applications: DIRECT : directly on skin INDIRECT : client holds active electrode while professional manually stimulates the area being treated GENERAL ELECTRIFICATION – tingling or vibration Produces ozone to kill P.acnes; can not survive in presence of oxygen

30. ELECTROTHERAPY- TESLA HIGH FREQUENCY BENEFITS : Stimulates circulation of blood Aids in elimination and absorption Increases skin metabolism Relieves skin congestion CONTRAINDICATIONS : Can effect neurons Over stimulate Do not use on: pregnant, epileptic, high blood pressure, pace maker No alcohol based creams ( flammable ) 5 min direct 8-15 min indirect Turn off and on

31. REVIEW What does UL stand for? What are some safety measures? What is the difference between the LIVE connection & the GROUND connection? What is the term used for electronic facial treatments? What is another name for facial stimulator? What are the 3 modalities? What are the 2 parts to an electrode? Which modality is the most common? Iontophoresis. Cataphoresis. Anaphoresis . Difference between Microcurrent & Tesla high frequency?

32. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Hood dryer Ionic hair dryers Curling / flat irons Heating caps Haircolor processing or accelerating machine- hot water vapor; 90 degrees process twice as fast ( room temp 72 ) Steamer or vaporizers Light therapy equipment

33. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM is the name given to all forms of energy; Radio waves, microwaves, light waves, X-rays, gamma rays ALL ENERGY MOVES THROUGH SPACE IN WAVES

34. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY WAVELENGTH- distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves WAVEFORM- measurement of distance between 2 wavelengths LONG- low frequency SHORT- high frequency More energy- shorter

35. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY Long Short VISIBLE SPECTRUM- can be seen; makes up 35% of natural sunlight Infrared is right above red Ultraviolet is just above violet

36. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY When waves hit an object it is either absorbed or reflected Our eyes pick up the reflection & interpret as color White light is combination light; broken into its individual wavelengths by prisms ( raindrops , humidity )

37. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY INVISIBLE RAYS make up 60% of natural light ULTRA VIOLET RAY make up 5% of natural light- shortest, least penetrating; kills germs; aging 3 types of natural light: Visible 35% Invisible 60% UV invisible 5% Light at either end is invisible

38. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY Longest; dermis, tanning bed AGING RAY Medium; sunburns BURNING RAY Blocked by ozone

39. REVIEW What are some types of electric tools? How does energy move? A wavelength is the distance between _____ What is wave form? How much visible light makes up natural light? Which rays are shortest and longest in the visible spectrum? What type of rays are infrared and ultraviolet? Invisible rays make up how much of natural light? What are the 3 types of natural light? Which light can kill germs but cause premature aging? UVA. UVB. UVC.

40. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY INFRARED LIGHT can be used in hair conditioning treatments and to speed up color processing. Used in spas for relaxation; warming up muscles Longer wave length, penetrates deeper Less energy but more heat than visible light Increases circulation

41. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY Application of UV RAYS: Lamps should be 30" and 36" from skin Exposure should begin with 2-3 min Increase to 7-8 min

42. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY Used to speed up chemical reactions; Use heat as an energy source ( absorbs energy like a battery ) Does not get consumed

43. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY LIGHT THERAPY Also known as PHOTOTHERAPY Application of light rays for : Wrinkles Capillaries Pigmentation Hair removal

44. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY L.A.S.E.R.S . Electromagnetic radiation used for hair removal and skin treatments

45. Energy source: electric current LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS turns light from laser into heat and can: Remove blood vessels Disable hair follicles Remove tattoos Eliminate wrinkles A laser emits light ( solid, liquid, gas conductor) Reflective surfaces create light Gains energy

46. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY L.E.D . Reduce acne Increase skin circulation Improve collagen Stimulates at different depths of skin tissue Seeks CHROMOPHORE (blood/ melanin)

47. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY

48. LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY INTENSE PULSE LIGHT Multiple colors/ wave lengths Multiple treatments CONSIDERATIONS Sensitivities Antibiotics Epilepsy Cancer Pregnant

49. REVIEW Can infrared light be used in hair treatments? If so, where? Can ultraviolet rays cause skin cancer? How far should the light be from the skin? How should you begin light therapy exsposure ? What are catalyst? What is phototherapy? What does LASER stand for? What can you use laser treatments for? What is PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS ? What does LED stand for? What is chromophore? What light reduces acne? What light reduces inflammation? Things to consider in light therapy? What are IPL used for?