Mineral resources and types of mining

types of mineral resources and types of mining

1. Mineral Resources Natural resources in the form of minerals.

2. Introduction The general definition of a mineral encompasses the following criteria: Naturally occurring Stable at room temperature Represented by a chemical formula Usually abiogenic Ordered atomic arrangement The term Mineral Resource is used to refer to any of a class of naturally occurring solid inorganic substances with a characteristic crystalline form and a homogeneous chemical composition.

3. Categories of Mineral Resources Identified resources - a mineral occurrence which is known but is not known to be recoverable at a profit, either because it is too remote, too low grade, too small, not enough information, or a wide variety of other factors. Undiscovered resources  - a resource which has not been discovered. An example would be a property being explored by a mining company, hoping they find something. Reserve - a resource which can be recovered at a profit. This will be a mine either in production or going into production.

4. Types Of Mining Underground mining  - occurs when minerals are deep below the ground. This is the most widespread method used for mineral extraction and involves digging a main shaft, with parallel shafts allowing the maximum extraction of minerals

5. Types Of Mining Hydro-mining  - involves using high pressure water to blast against the face of seams to remove coal and carry it to a dewatering plant or to the surface. This technique improves the efficiency of coal extraction, but also increases the potential for impacts to the environment from mine drainage into surrounding soils and streams.

6. Types Of Mining Opencut or opencast   mining  - is generally cheaper than underground mining and a greater proportion of the mineral deposit can be extracted. Opencut mining involves the removal of surface topsoil, vegetation, and rock to allow excavation of shallow underground mineral seams.

7. Mine Safety Ventilation throughout a mine is crucial because a number of toxic gases are present.  Sharp or projecting objects are removed or clearly labeled so that miners do not hurt themselves.

8. Mine Safety Miners wear respirator to prevent their mouth, nose and throat. Miners also wear heavy clothing and boots to protect their bodies. 

9. Mine Safety Mines also use extensive lighting systems for visibility. Miners sign in and out when they report for work every day, and they make each other aware of their positions inside the mine. If a miner does not surface at the end of the day, teams will search for him until he is located. 

10. Environmental Impact Water Pollution: Mining can have adverse effects on surrounding surface and ground water if protective measures are not taken. The result can be unnaturally high concentrations of some chemicals, such as arsenic,  sulfuric acid, and mercury over a significant area of surface or subsurface.

11. Environmental Impact Acid mine drainage: refers to the outflow of acidic water from (usually abandoned) metal mines or coal mines.

12. Environmental Impact Deforestation: With open cast mining the overburden, which may be covered in forest, must be removed before the mining can commence. Although the deforestation due to mining may be small compared to the total amount it may lead to species extinction if there is a high level of local  ecosystem.

13. Environmental Impact Sand mining and gravel mining creates large pits and fissures in the earth's surface. At times, mining can extend so deeply that it affects ground water, springs, underground wells, and the water table.

14. Environmental Impact Mountaintop mining is a destructive and unsustainable practice that benefits a small number of corporations at the expense of local communities and the environment.

15. Thank You Presented By:- Devidas Barge Pratik Dalvi Gopesh Chilveri Sonal Jagdale