Mineral resources.pptx

Mineral Resources
Types of Mineral Resources
Uses of Mineral Resources
Associated problems with Mineral Resources
Environmental problems due to extracting & using Mineral Resources

1. Topic:- Mineral Resources Subject Name :- Hazards & Safety Management Subject Code:- MQA201T Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Smt. B. N. B. Swaminarayan Pharmacy College, Salvav – vapi Presented by:- Machhi Dhruvi A. 2 nd sem M.Pharm .

2. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 2 Mineral Resources Types of Mineral Resources Uses of Mineral Resources Associated problems with Mineral Resources Environmental problems due to extracting & using Mineral Resources CONTENTS

3. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 3

4. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 4 A mineral is a naturally occurring substance of definite chemical composition & identifiable physical properties. Mineral resources are inorganic crystalline solids having a natural occurrence on earth. They are among the scarce resources & are non-renewable in nature. Minerals are mainly of following types: Metallic Non metallic Mineral Resources

5. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 5 Minerals are homogenous inorganic substances which have definite physical properties & chemical compositions. Their physical structure constitutes of a sequential arrangement of atoms, molecules & ions in a lattice. There are around 3500 different types of minerals found on earth, out of which only few of these minerals are popularly used. Minerals are composed of more than 92 elements of different types.

6. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 6 India has abundance of mineral resources which are found in the form of crystalline rocks & are obtained by mining activities. The various types of mineral resources found on earth are as follows: 1. Iron: One of the most important mineral among all is iron which is used in the production of heavy machineries, automobiles & automotive parts, construction of buildings, agricultural equipment, etc. Iron exists inside the earth's surface in its crude form known as "iron ore". Mineral Resources

7. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 7 2. Aluminium: Aluminium is a hard metal but is light in weight & is used in production of electric wires, household utensils & construction of ships, airplanes, automobiles, etc. Aluminium is obtained from its ore known as "Bauxite". 3. Copper: Copper is one of the valuable metals & is considered as a good conductor of electricity. Brass & bronze are prepared by alloying copper with zinc & tin. It is used for making electrical wires & appliances.

8. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 8 4. Manganese: India is one of the largest producers of manganese, which is widely used in the manufacturing of steel, chemicals & glass industries. 5. Gold: Gold is one of the precious metals after diamond & is very fondly used by the people of India in form of jewellery & other ornaments. 6. Diamond: Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance on earth & exists in crystalline form of pure carbon. It is a precious stone & one most costly among all stones.

9. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 9 7. Coal: Coal is most known as "black diamond". It is also an important mineral which is extracted through mining activities & other minerals & some metals are obtained from the ores of coal. It is commonly used as a fuel for generating thermal power, especially in production of electricity & operating rail engines. 8. Petroleum: Petroleum is also known as crude oil or mineral oil which is obtained as a dark thick liquid deep down the sea bed of earth's crust. It is also "black gold. Some of the by-products of petroleum obtained are diesel, kerosene, wax, vasaline , tar, neptha , etc.

10. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 10 Uses of mineral are very prominent in manufacturing items that are used by us regular basis. These includes manufacturing of machineries & equipment, jewelleries, utensils & construction of building. ships, aircrafts. etc. Following are the points depicting the use of mineral resources: 1. In manufacturing of heavy machineries (automobile, rails, parts of machinery etc.) & industrial plants 2. Construction of buildings & equipment 3. In generating energy for the production of electricity using minerals like coal, uranium, lignite, etc. Uses of Mineral Resources

11. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 11 4. In manufacturing of defence weapons, armaments & ammunitions 5. In making of electric wires & cables as well as other electronic devices 6. In jewellery making using gold, silver, diamond, platinum, etc. 7. In production of ayurvedic medicines & other health supplements 8. In formation of alloys for specific purposes.

12. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 12 There are several problems associated with excessive use of mineral resources, Some of them are as follows: Associated Problems with Mineral Resources

13. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 13 1. Depletion of Mineral Resources: Due to over-exploitation of mineral by humans, most of the mineral resources are on the mark of depletion in the future. For ex., the increasing mining of gold extracts is causing depletion of gold mines in U.S.A.. Thus, there is a need for conservation & utilisation of mineral resources.

14. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 14 2. Environmental Issues: Some very serious environmental issues are created due to the extraction of minerals. Huge areas of agricultural land have become completely barren due to increased mining activities. Mineral extraction has resulted in the removal of natural vegetation from large tracts causing threat flood. These flood-prone areas need appropriate drainage system, lack of which further causes breeding of mosquitos & spread of endemic diseases like malaria, dengue, etc.

15. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 15 3. Pollution: The surrounding areas of these mineral-producing regions are also suffering from the problems of air, water & noise pollution due to the use of machinery, thus creating lots of health hazards for the locals. 4. Social problems: Displacement of local people is quite common wherever there are new discoveries of minerals. The most affected community is the tribal population as most of the tribal areas have rich mineral deposits. The local economy, values & lifestyle of these people are drastically impacted due to industrialisation of these areas.

16. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 16 The various effects resulting from the extraction of excessive mineral resources are as follows: 1. Carbon output: Mining industry is dependent on the use of fossil fuels for obtaining energy for its operational activities. Burning of fossil fuels emit carbon which acts as a major pollutant harming the environment. In order to control the emission of carbon, various regulations related to the emission credits have imposed by different countries under their environmental laws. Environmental effects due to extracting & using Mineral Resources

17. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 17 2. Soil Erosion : Mining can be seen as an aggressive process which can harm the landscape in the vast area apart from the mining field itself. The negative effects of these mining activities are experienced even after decades of shutting down of the mines. 3. Water use & waste water: In modern mining activities, huge amount of water is required for extraction, processing, & waste disposal activities. The water sources of the nearby locations are polluted from the waste water, thus leading to scarcity of the freshwater for drinking & other daily needs.

18. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 18 4. Ecosystem Damage: Mining activities also cause great damage to surrounding ecosystem. Different types of mines affect different types of ecosystems. For ex., rare and potentially valuable organisms (ex. Ocean snail, ghost octopus) endangered due to deep sea mining. 5. Air: Air quality is also greatly impacted by the mining. In order to extract an ore, drilling & blasting of rock is required on large scale, which produces lots of dust particulates in atmosphere. Mining also involves emission of greenhouse gases like methane which is a great threat for the environment & living organisms.

19. 21 May 2022 Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi 19 6. Damage to Land: A number of concerns have been raised related to the negative impact of mining on land. The creation of landscape blots like open pits and piles of waste rocks due to mining operations can lead to the physical destruction of the land at the mining site. There is also a huge possibility that many of the surface features that were present before mining activities cannot be replaced after the process has ended.

20. 1. Dr. Y. K. Singh, in "Environmental Science" ; New age international publishers, New Delhi, 2006, pp: 10- 2. Erach Bharucha in "Textbook of environmental studies for undergraduate courses"; University Grant Commission, New Delhi, 2004, pp: 20- 3. Virendra Kumar, in Environmental Science, Thakur Publication, Lucknow, pp: 67-68 5/21/2022 20 Dhruvi Machhi Smt. BNB SPC, Salvav-Vapi REFERENCES

21. Thank you 5/21/2022 21 Dhruvi Machhi Smt. BNB SPC, Salvav-Vapi