Mining methods

1. Mining methods for sMining methods for steeply dipping and massive
deposits

2. Mining methods for sMining methods for steeply dipping and massive deposits
Self supported methods
Sublevel caving
Block caving
Induced Block Caving
Sublevel stoping
Undercut and fill stoping
Square-set stoping
Cut-and-fill stoping
Shrinkage stoping
With caving
of overburden
Without caving
of overburden
Supported methods
Large open stope mining
Top slicing
Continues bench backfilling stoping

3. CAVING METHODES

4. Sublevel caving

5. Sublevel caving

6. Sublevel caving

7. Induced block caving

8. Induced block caving with blasting on the broken rock
1 - drilling drifts ; 2 - level drift ; 3 - haulage drift ; 4 -
draw points ; 5 - control crosscut.

9. Blocs foudroyés avec tir avec chambres de dégagement
1 - galeries de foration ; 2 - points de soutirage; 3 -galerie de transport
2
1
3
Volume relatif des chambres de dégagement - 30%

10. Bloc caving - non mechanized mining

11. Bloc caving - mechanized mining

12. Characteristics of caving methods
Application :
massive steeply dipping deposits
low ore value
Advantages :
high stope output and personnel
productivity
low costs
good security conditions
Disadvantages :
method is not selective
high dilution and losses
method is inflexible
caving of surface

13. Top slicing
Application :
steeply dipping deposits
ore width > to 3-4 m
weak ore and walls
high ore value
Advantage : low loss and dilution
Disadvantages :
stope production and personnel
productivity are low
costs are high

14. SELF SUPPORTED METHODS

15. Sublevel stoping

16. Sublevel stoping

17. Sublevel stoping

18. Sublevel stoping in thick orebody
A-a
B-b
C-c
A
A
C
C
B
B

19. Large open stope mining

20. Large open stope mining

21. Large open stope mining

22. Large open stope mining with primary and
secondary stopes

23. Large open stope mining with caving of pillars

24. Large open stope mining with lost pillars

25. Characteristics of self supported methods
Application :
massive steeply dipping deposits
competent ore and host rocks
low ore value with lost pillars
high ore value with cemented fill
Advantages :
high stope output and personnel
productivity
low dilution
low costs
good security conditions
Disadvantages :
method is not selective
high losses in pillars or higher costs for backfilling
method is inflexible

26. SUPPORTED METHODS

27. Continuous bench backfilling stoping

28. Cut-and-fill stoping
1 - haulage drift ; 2 - transport drift ; 3 - rise for fill and ventilation ; 4 - ore passe ; 5 - manway rise ; 6 -
crosscut ; 7, 8 - pillars ; 9 - ore ; 10 - broken ore ; 11 - backfill .

29. Cut-and-fill stoping

30. Cut-and-fill stoping

31. Cut-and-fill stoping

32. drilling
loading
filling
competent rock weak rockmedium rock
Cut-and-fill stoping

33. ore
LHD
jumbo
backfill
Cut-and-fill stoping

34. Cut-and-fill stoping
Drilled stope face LHD in the stope

35. Cut-and-fill stoping

36. Cut-and-fill stoping

37. Dilution calculation
?
W
deposit
a
a
W
opening
a2 cosh sin LW
opening +a+a=
a cosh sin LW
opening +a+a=
For F > 15 - 20° :
For F < 15 - 20° :h
L

38. Characteristics of cut-and-fill stoping
Application :
competent ore
weak host rocks
high ore value
deposit can be irregular
Advantages :
method is selective
low dilution and losses
flexibility
Disadvantages :
low stope output and personnel
productivity
high costs

39. Undercut-and-fill stoping
1 - rise for fill ; 2 - orepasse ; 3 - crosscut ; 4 - ventilation opening ; 5 - limit of mining ; 6 - stop limit haulage
drift ; 2 - transport drift ; 3 - rise for fill and ventilation ; 4 - ore passe ; 5 - manway rise ; 6 - crosscut ; I -
blasting ; II - loading ; III - backfilling.

40. Undercut-and-fill stoping
1 - top level ; 2 - haulage level ; 3 - ramp ; 4 - stop access ; 5 - ore and fill pass ; 6 - limit of mining.

41. Undercut-and-fill stoping
1 - ore mat ; 2 - reinforcement wire mesh ; 3 - anchoring ; 4 - cable ; 5 - polystyrene sheathing ; 6 - ore ; 7 -
walls ; 8 - backfill of the previous cut.

42. Undercut-and-fill stoping
ramp, 20%
access to the cut, 20%
R - fill pass ; J - ore
pass.
crosscut for backfilling

43. Undercut-and-fill stoping

44. Undercut-and-fill stoping

45. Undercut-and-fill stoping

46. Undercut-and-fill stoping

47. Undercut-and-fill stoping

48. Characteristics of cut-and-fill stoping
Application :
weak ore and host rocks
very high ore value
Advantages :
method is selective
low dilution and losses
flexibility
Disadvantages :
low stope output and personnel
productivity
very high costs

49. 1 - haulage drift ; 2 - transport drift ; 3 - manway and ventilation rise ; 4 - doghole ; 5 - pillar ; 6 - crosscut ; 7 -
ore ; 8 - drillholes ; 9 - brocken ore .
Shrinkage stoping

50. Shrinkage stoping

51. 1 - haulage drift ; 2 - transport and ventilation drift ; 3 - doghole ; 4 - stop sill.
broken ore
A-A
B-B
A
A
B
B
Shrinkage stoping

52. stop in operation
pillars
tubing for ventilation
prepared stop
stop at the
end of mining
thin pillar
cap pillar of 5 m
openings
fan
haulage level 200 fan
mined out stop
level 144
Alimac rise
Shrinkage stoping

53. mined out stop
thin pillar
level 130
prepared stop
ore width
haulage level 200
stop in operation
pillars 2.5 x 2 m
cap pillar
height
Shrinkage stoping

54. Characteristics of shrinkage stoping
Application :
stable ore and host rocks
steeply dipping deposit
regular boundaries of ore body
ore thickness up to 5 m
broken ore must not re-cement with time
Advantages :
selective blasting
low costs
Disadvantages :
mucking is not selective
low stope output
low personnel productivity
loss in pillars
difficulty in mechanization

55. Square-set stoping
Application :
deposit of 30 to 60° dip and
of 1 to 3 m thickness
weak ore and walls
high value of ore
Advantages :
selectivity
low loss and dilution
Disadvantages :
stope production and personnel
productivity are low
because of important
wood consumption
costs are high

56. Application of different mining methods in
steeply dipping narrow vein deposits
Walls Stability
Instable Stable
Ore stability
Instables
Stables
Undercut-and-full filling
Cut-and-fill
Continuous bench backfilling
Sublevel stoping
Shrinkage
Undercut-and-partiaml
filling

57. Application of different mining methods in
massive vein deposits
Ore stability
Low ore stability High ore stability
Ore value
Low ore value
High ore value
Block caving
Cut-and-fill
Sublevel caving
Zone de foudroyage
Foration
roulage
grizzly
soutirage
Large open stoping
with cemented fill
Undercut-and-fill
Large open stoping
with lost pillars