MLA works cited list

MLA WORKS CITED LIST

1. Works Cited MLA Format

2. MLA
Modern Language Association
Founded in 1883
Primarily used in language and literature
Format: works cited has replaced the term
“bibliography.” (This is the list of sources
you’ve used in your paper.)

3. Rules of a Works Cited page
Title the page "Works Cited";
Center the title on top of the page;
It must be on a separate page;
Double-space both within and between enteries on your list;
They are not numbered;
Arrange the entries in alphabetical order by the author’s last
name;
Authors with the same last name: alphabetize by the first
name;
Tow or more works by the same author: alphabetize by the
first work of the title;
Use also three hyphens followed by a period in subsequent
entries;
When there is no identified author, begin with the title;
Indent all lines AFTERthe first line of each entry;

4. Separatethethreemainpartsofanentry-author’sname,title,
work,andpublicationdata-withperiodsfollowedbyspace;
Givetheauthor’sname,lastnamefirst;
Forsourceswithtwoorthreeauthors,usenormalorderofall
thenamesafterthefirst,usingcommastoseperatethenames;
Providecompletetitles,andcapitalizeallimportantwords;
Underlinetitlesofbooks,journals,magazines,and
newspapers;
Usequotationmarksfortitlesofperiodicalarticles,chapters
andessays,withinbooks,shortstories,andpoems;
Givethepublisher,place,anddateofpublicationforbooks;
Givethevolumeorissuenumber,date,andpagenumber;
Forelectronicsources;besuretoincludethedateofonline
postingorlastupdating,thedateyouconsultedtheweb-site,
andtheexactelectronicaddress;

5. Each entry ends with a period.
If there is more than one city of publication, cite the first
one listed.
When no other information on the work you have used has
been cited, use these abbreviations:
n.p –no place of publication given/no publisher
given
n.d –no date of publication given
n.pag. –no page #’s given

6. M. L. A. common abbreviations in works cited
and otherset al. note n versus vs.
part pt. notes nn compare cf.
chapter ch. or chap. especiallyesp. number no.
verse v. pseudonym pseud. editor ed.
page p. translator trans. appendix app
book bk. document doc. volume vol

7. Books: One Author
LastName,FirstName,TitleofBook,CityofPublication:Publisher,Yearof
Publication.
Lipson,Charles.ReliablePartners:HowDemocraciesHaveMadeaSeparate
Peace.Princeton:PrincetonUP,2003.
Reed,ChristopherA.GutenberginShanghai:ChinesePrintCapitalism,1876–
1937.Vancouver:UBritishColumbiaP,2004.
Whenaddingadditionalworkbythesamewriter:
---.TitleofBook2.CityofPublication:Publisher.DateofPublication.
Edmonds,Joanne,MyFirstSuspense,NewportNews:XYZ,Inc.,2005.
---.SuspenseSequel.NewportNews:XYZ,Inc.,2006.
Weinberg,GerhardL.Germany,Hitler,andWorldWarII:Essaysin
ModernGermanandWorldHistory.Cambridge:CambridgeUP,1995.
---.AWorldatArms:AGlobalHistoryofWorldWarII.Cambridge:Cambridge
UP,1994.
Therepetitionoftheauthor’snameusesthreehyphens,followedbyaperiod.

8. Books: Two or Three Authors (same book)
LastName,FirstName(1
st
author),First&LastName(2
nd
author),
andFirst&LastName(3
rd
author).Title.CityofPublication:
Publisher,Year.
Example:
Binder,Guyora,andRobertWeisberg.LiteraryCriticismsof
Law.Princeton:PrincetonUP,2000.
Edmonds,JoanneM.,andJohnSmith.StrengthTraining.
NewportNews:XYZ,Inc.,2001.
Iffourormoreauthors:Binder,Guyora,etal.

9. Edited Books
Editionotherthanthefirst:
Hassan,Ihab.TheDismembernmentofOrpheus:TowardaPostmodern
Literature.2
nd
ed.Madison:UofWisconsinP,2000.
Strunk,William,Jr.,andE.B.White.TheElementsofStyle.4thed.
NewYork:Longman,2000.
Bookwithaneditor:
Matelski,MarilynJ.,andNancyLynchStreet,eds.WarandFilmin
America:HistoricalandCriticalEssays.Jefferson:McFarland:2003.
Robinson,Francis,ed.CambridgeIllustratedHistoryoftheIslamicWorld.
Cambridge:CambridgeUP,1996.
Bookinmorethanonevolume:
Manchel,Frank.FilmStudy:AnAnalyticalBibliography.4vols.
Rutherford:FairleighDickinsonUP,1990-91.
Manchel,Frank.FilmStudy:AnAnalyticalBibliography.vol.2.
Rutherford:FairleighDickinsonUP,1990-91.4vols.

10. Translatedvolume:
TheKoran.Trans.J.M.Rodwell.London:Deut,1994.
Dumas,Alexander.TheKnightofMaisonRouge.Trans.JulieRose.
NewYork:ModernLibrary,2003.
Weber,Max.TheProtestantEthicandtheSpiritofCapitalism.1904–5.
Trans.TalcottParsons.NewYork:CharlesScribner’sSons,1958.
Tocqueville,Alexisde.DemocracyinAmerica.Ed.J.P.Mayer.Trans.
GeorgeLawrence.NewYork:HarperCollins,2000.
Editorandtranslatorarelistedintheorderinwhichtheyappearonthe
book’stitlepage.
Book,anonymousor no author:
Through Our Enemies’ Eyes: Osama Bin Laden, Radical Islam, and the
Future of America. Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 2003.
Golden Verses of the Pythagoreans. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger, 2003.

11. Reprintofearlieredition:
WorksCitedBarzun,Jacques.SimpleandDirect:ARhetoricforWriters.1985.
Chicago:UofChicagoP,1994.
Smith,Adam.AnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations.
1776.Ed.EdwinCannan.Chicago:UofChicagoP,1976.
Book, online:
Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. 1860–61. Project Gutenberg Archive.
Etext 1400. 14 Jan. 2004 <http://www.gutenberg.net/etext98/ grexp10.txt>.
Thedatewhenyouaccesstheonlinecontent(inthiscase,14Jan.2004)
comesimmediatelybeforetheURL.Noticethatthedaycomesbeforethe
month;that’sstandardwithMLA.Thereisnopunctuationbetweenthisdate
andtheURL.
Chapterineditedbook:
Keohane,Robert.“TheDemandforInternationalRegimes.’’InInternational
Regimes,ed.StephenKrasner.Ithaca:CornellUP,1983.56–67.

12. Journals & Magazines
Article author’s Last name, First name. Article title in quotes. Title of journal/magazine
Day Month Year: pages.
Example:
Brown, Charlie. “Home-made Valentine Cards.” Time
21 May 2005: 7-9.
Doe, Jane. “Databases Rock.” Applied Psychology36
(1999): 363-375.

13. Journalarticle
Oneauthor:
Kleppinger,StanleyV.“OntheInfluenceofJazzRhythmintheMusic
ofAaronCopland.’’AmericanMusic21.1(Spring2003):74–111.
Referstovolume21,number1.
Theissuenumberisoptionalifitisclearhowtofindthearticle
(perhapsbecauseyouhavealreadyincludedthemonthorbecausethe
pagesruncontinuouslythroughtheyear).Butifeachissuebegins
withpage1andyouincludeonlytheyear,thenyouneedtoaddthe
issuenumberormonthtoshowwherethearticleappears:American
Music21.1(2003):74–111.
Multipleauthors:
Koremenos,Barbara,CharlesLipson,andDuncanSnidal.“TheRational
DesignofInternationalInstitutions.’’InternationalOrganization55
(Autumn2001):761–99.
Iftherearefourormoreauthors:Koremenos,Barbara,etal.

14. Article, online:
Small,Christopher.“WhyDoesn’ttheWholeWorldLoveChamber
Music?’’AmericanMusic19.3(Autumn2001):340–59.JSTOR15
Mar.2004<http://www.jstor.org/search>.
This is a normal print journal, available online from multiple sources,
with the same pagination as the print version. Here I list itthrough
JSTOR. The URL is quite long, so MLA recommends listing only the
search page.
Journalarticle,foreignlanguage:
Ma’oz, Zvi Uri. “Y a-t-il des juifs sans synagogue?’’ Revue des ´Etudes
Juives 163 (2004): 483–93.

15. Newspaperormagazinearticle,withauthor:
Bruni,Frank.“PopePleadsforEndtoTerrorismandWar.’’NewYorkTimes.26
Dec.2003,nationaled.:A21.
Itisalwaysfinetoincludetheheadlineandreporter’sname.TheMLAsays
youcanomitthem,though,iftheydonotaddtothepointyouaremakinginthe
text.
Newspaperormagazinearticle,noauthor:
“Reportof9/11PanelCitesLapsesbyC.I.A.andF.B.I.’’NewYorkTimes.23
July2003:1.
Newspaperormagazinearticle,online:
“EuropeanUnity:TheHistoryofanIdea.’’TheEconomist30Dec.2003.6Jan.
2004<http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displayStory.cfm?story
id=2313040>.
Thefirstdatereferstothearticle,thesecondtothedayitwasaccessed;
Formagazinesandnewspapers,thereisnoneedtoreferencethesponsoring
organization;
Salamon,Julie.“CollaboratingontheFutureattheModern.’’NewYorkTimes26
Dec.2003.2 Jan.2004 <http://www.nytimes.com/2003/
12/26/arts/design/26CURA.html>.

16. Review:
Orr,H.Allen.“What’sNotinYourGenes.’’ReviewOfNatureviaNurture:
Genes,Experience,andWhatMakesUsHuman,byMattRidley.NewYork
ReviewofBooks50(14Aug.2003):38–40.
Unpublishedpaper,thesis,ordissertation:
Nishi,Takayushi.“TheHumiliatingGift:NegativeReactionstoInternational
Help.’’PaperpresentedattheProgramonInternationalPolitics,Economics,
andSecurity,UChicago.4Mar.2004.
Besser-Jones,Lorraine.“TheMoralCommitmenttoPublicReason.’’MA
thesis.ClaremontGraduateSchool,1997.
P´erez-Torres,Rafael.“ScreenPlayandInscription:NarrativeStrategiesin
FourPost-1960sNovels.’’Diss.Stanford,1989.
McCloud,Gavin.RestoringSunkenVessels.Proc.oftheMaritimeand
ShippingIndustry’sAnnualConferenceonShipBuilding,May1990,Uof
Maryland:AnnapolisPress,1991.

17. Essays, Short Stories, Poems, etc.
Last Name, First Name. “Title of Work.” Title of Book. Editor First &
Last Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Page #’s.
Edmonds, Joanne. “The Sky is Blue.” Collection of Essays.
Jane Doe. New York City: Book Worm Press, 2000. 68-72.

18. Encyclopedias
Author of article’s Last name, First Name. Title of article in quotes. Title of
Encyclopedia. Year of Edition.
Austen, Emma. “Romantic Poetry.” Encyclopedia of Literature. 2005 ed.
“AfricanArts.’’EncyclopediaBritannica.15thed.1987.13:134–80.
“Art,African.’’EncyclopaediaBritannicaOnline.2004.EncyclopaediaBritannica.
5Jan.2004<http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=119483>.
Whydoesthename,EncyclopaediaBritannica,appeartwice?Becauseitisboth
thepublicationandthe“sponsoringorganization,”andMLArulescurrently
requirethatyoulistboth.
Chanda,Jacqueline.“AfricanArtandArchitecture,’’MicrosoftEncartaOnline
Encyclopedia.2004.MicrosoftCorporation.7Jan.2004
<http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia761574805/AfricanArt.html>.

19. Newspaper Article
Last Name, First Name (if known). “Title of Article.” Title of
NewspaperCity (if not already part of the title). Day Month Year,
Edition (known): Section Page.
Example:
Edmonds, Joanne. “Preventing Obesity in Children.”
Los Angeles Times19 June 2003, late ed.: A10.

20. Personal Interview
LastName,FirstNameofInterviewee.KindofInterview.
DayMonthYear.
Example:
Keidis,Anthony.PersonalInterview.14Feb.2004.
Handke,Peter.Interview.TheNewYorkTimeMagazine.July,2,
2006:13.

21. Videocassette, DVD,
Filmstrip, Slide Program
Title. Director, Producer, and/or Writer. Medium. Distributor, Year.
Example:
Monet: Legacy of Light.Writ., Dir., and Prod.
Michael Gill. Videocassette. Home Vision.
1989.

22. Television & Radio Programs
[Titleofepisodeinquotes.Titleofprogramorseries.Credit(performer,writer,etc.).
Nameofnetwork.Callletters,CityofLocalStation.DayMonthYearofBroadcast
Date.]
Examples:
TheFirstAmericans.NBCNewsSpecial.NBC,Syracuse.21Feb.2000.
“Episode1.”CivilWarJournal.Narr.DannyDeVito.Dir.Steven
Spielberg.A&ENetwork.6Apr.1999.
“ShakespeareanPutdowns”.Narr.RobertSiegelandLindaWertheimer.
AllThingsConsidered.Natt.PublicRadio.WBUR,Boston.Apr.6,
1994.

23. Internet / Web
Last Name, First Name of Site Creator (if given). Site Title. (or description,
such as homepage, if there is none). Day Month Year of latest update (if
given). Name of Institution or Organization Associated with Site (if given).
Day Month Year of access <URL or web address>.
Example:
"Grooming." Wonderful World of Poodles. 25 Apr 1998
<http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/2826/groom.html>.

24. Email
Writer’s name. Subject line from the posting in quotes. Description of the
message that includes the recipient. Day Month Year of message.
Examples:
Kamaka, Kimo. “New audio program.” E-mail to Keoni Silva. 5
Jan. 2006.

25. Dictionary,hardcopy,online,andCD-ROM:
“Historiography.’’Merriam-Webster’sCollegiateDictionary.11thed.2003.
Youcanomitthepublisherinformation.
“Protest,v.’’CompactEditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary.1971ed.2:2335.
Theword“protest”isbothanounandaverb,andIamcitingtheverbhere.
“Pluck,n.’’Def.1.OxfordEnglishDictionary.Ed.J.A.SimpsonandE.S.C.Weiner.
2nded.Oxford:ClarendonP,1989.OxfordUP.5Jan.2004
<http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/00181836>.
Therearetwoseparateentriesforthenounpluck,andIamcitingthefirst,hencen.
Def.1.Thesecondisforanobscurefish.
“Balustrade.’’MicrosoftEncartaOnlineDictionary.2004.Microsoft.5Jan.2004
<http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary/balustrade.html>.
“Citation.’’AmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.4thed.CD-ROM.
Boston:HoughtonMifflin,2000.

26. Speech,academictalk,orcourselecture:
Ferrell,Will.“ClassDaySpeech.’’SpeechatHarvard.
Cambridge,MA.4June2003.
Kamhi,Michelle.“RescuingArtfrom‘VisualCulture.’’’
SpeechtoannualconventionoftheNationalArtEducation
Association.Minneapolis,MN.7Apr.2003.
Doniger,Wendy.Courselecture.UofChicago.Chicago,IL.
12Mar.2004.
Or,usingamoredescriptivenameforanuntitledlecture:
Doniger,Wendy.CourselectureonevilinHindumythology.
UofChicago.Chicago,IL.12Mar.2004.

27. Play,text:
Shakespeare,RomeoandJuliet.
Ifyouwishtociteaspecificedition:
Shakespeare,RomeoandJuliet.Ed.BrianGibbons.
London:Methuen,1980.

28. Film:
Rambo:FirstBloodPartII.Dir.GeorgeP.Cosmatos.Cast.
SylvesterStallone,RichardCrenna,CharlesNapier,Steven
Berkoff,JuliaNickson,RhondaYoung.Screenplayby
SylvesterStalloneandJamesCameron.StorybyKevin
Jarre.Basedonthenovel“FirstBlood”byDavidMorrell.
TriStarPictures,1985.
Required:title,director,studio,andyearreleased;
Optional:actors,producers,screenwriters,editors,
cinematographers,andotherinformation;
Includewhatyouneedforanalysisinyourpaper,inorder
oftheirimportancetoyouranalysis.Theirnamesappear
betweenthetitleandthedistributor;

29. GodfatherII.Dir.FrancisFordCoppola.Perf.AlPacino,
RobertDeNiro,RobertDuvall,DianeKeaton.Screenplay
FrancisFordCoppolaandMarioPuzo.Basedonthenovel
byMarioPuzo.ParamountPictures,1974.DVD.
ParamountHomeVideo,GodfatherDVDCollection,2003.

30. UnitedStates.GovernmentPrintingOffice.StyleManual.
Washington:GPO,2000.
WorkinanAnthology:
Zappa, Frank. “On ‘Junk Food for the Soul’: In Defense of
Rock and Roll.” Reading and Writing Short Arguments. Ed.
William Vesterman. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2003. 247-52.

31. Questions or Comments,
Please . . . .?

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