Modals of necessity

UTPL
Listening and Speaking III

1. Modals of necessity Barbora Richtarcikova

2. Modals Modal verbs are helping/auxiliary verbs that express ideas like  ability ,  permission ,  possibility , and  necessity . Many modal verbs have more than one meaning. They are always followed by the simple form of a verb. Example: John  has to   go home. This shows that John has a necessity or obligation to go home.

3. Modals of Necessity The modal verbs  must, have to and have got to  show that something is not optional; it is necessary . Must  is the strongest modal verb of the three and is most common in writing. It is unusual to use must in questions. Have got to  is most common in informal speech. It is not used in questions. Have to  is the most commonly used modal of obligation. It is useful for forming questions and negatives.

4. Must Use must to tell when something is necessary for present and f uture tenses. Examples: I must study hard. I must study next week. Use must not when something is prohibited (when there is no choice). Example: We must not smoke here. In spoken English, can’t is often used instead of must not . We can’t smoke here.

5. Have got to Use have got to to tell when something is necessary for present and future tenses . Example: I have got to study tonight. Have got to  is often contracted as:  I've got to  and sounds like “I've  gotta ...”

6. Have to Use have to for all tenses Examples: We have to start now. We had to do a lot of homework. We will have to finish the project next week. Use don’t / doesn’t have to when something is not necessary (when there is a choice) Example: We don’t have to go to the party tonight.

7. Have to Use have to for questions in all tenses. Examples: Do you have to ask your parents first? Will she have to travel again? Be careful! The subject and verb must agree for  he/she/it  subjects AND the question form requires “Do/Does/Did ”. Example: She has to study tonight. Does she have to study tonight?

8. Let’s practice! New drivers ____________   take a test in order to get a driver's license. They have no choice. A :  ____________  go to work today? B: No, I don't, because it's Sunday .  I'm sorry, Mom. I ____________  call you back later. My cell phone battery is dying .  A: ____________  John  ____________  study very much yesterday? B: No, he didn't .

9. Answers New drivers must   take a test in order to get a driver's license. They have no choice. A:   Do you have to   go to work today? B: No, I don't, because it's Sunday.  I'm sorry, Mom. I  have got to   call you back later. My cell phone battery is dying.  A: Did   John   have to  study very much yesterday? B: No, he didn't .

10. Thank you!