Model Templates for PROCESS

Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS by Andrew F. Hayes

1. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
YX
Y
b
1
e
Y
1
X
M
XM
b
2
b
3
Model 1
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional effect of X on Y = b
1
+ b
3
M

2. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
YX
Y
b
1
e
Y
1
X
D
1
b
2
b
k
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
D
1X
D
k-1
D
k-1X
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
b
k+1 b
2k-1.
.
.
M
XM
Model 1
Multicategorical M with k categories
(PROCESS v2.14 or later)
Conditional effect of X on Y = b
1
+ b
k+1
D
1
+ + b
2k-1
D
2k-1
.
.
.

3. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
YX
Y
b
1
e
Y
1
D
1
b
k-1
b
k
Model 1
Multicategorical X with k categories
(PROCESS v2.14 or later)
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
b
1
+ b
k+1
M

b
k-1
+ b
2k-1
M
D
1M
D
k-1
D
k-1M
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
b
k+1 b
2k-1.
.
.
M
XM
X
Conditional effect of X on Y =
.
.
.
{

4. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
YX
Y
b
2
e
Y
1
M
X
W
b
1
b
3
Model 2
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional effect of X on Y = b
1
+ b
4
M + b
5
W
W
XW
XM
b
4
b
5

5. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
YX
Y
b
2
e
Y
1
M
X
W
b
1
b
3
Model 3
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional effect of X on Y = b
1
+ b
4
M + b
5
W+ b
7
MW
XW
XM
b
4
b
5
XMW
MW
b
6
b
7
W

6. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
c'
Model 4
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= a
i
b
i
a
i b
i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 4 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.

7. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Relative indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
=
a
1
b
i
M
i
Y
e
M
i
1
Relative direct effect of X on Y =
Model 4
Multicategorical X with k categories
(PROCESS v2.15 or later)
D
1
D
k-1
.
.
.
X
a
k-1
c'
1
c'
k-1
.
.
.
.
.
.
i
Note: Model 4 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.
a
1
b
i

.
.
. {
a
k-1
b
ic'
1

.
.
.
{
c'
k-1

8. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Model 5
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= a
i
b
i
a
i b
i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W
*Model 5 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
W
W
XW
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'

9. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
1
YX
e
Y
1
Model 6
(2 mediators)
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
only = a
i
b
i
e
M1
1
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
M
2
M
1
YX
c'
a
1
M
2
a
2 b
1
b
2
d
21
e
M2
1
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
and M
2
in serial = a
1
d
21
b
2
Note: Model 6 allows up to 4 mediators operating in serial.

10. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressConceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Model 6
(3 mediators)
YX
M
1 M
3
M
2
YX
M
1 M
3
M
2
e
M
3
e
Y
e
M
1
e
M
2
c '
b
1

b
2

b
3

a
1
a
2

a
3

d
21

d
32

d
31

1
1
1
1
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
only = a
i
b
i
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
and M
2
in serial = a
1
d
21
b
2
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
and M
3
in serial = a
1
d
31
b
3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
, M
2
, and M
3
in serial = a
1
d
21
d
32
b
3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
2
and M
3
in serial = a
2
d
32
b
3

11. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressConceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Model 6
(4 mediators)
YX
M
1
M
3M
2
a
1

Indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
only = a
i
b
i
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
and M
2
in serial = a
1
d
21
b
2
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
and M
3
in serial = a
1
d
31
b
3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
, M
2
, M
3
, and M
4
in serial = a
1
d
21
d
32
d
43
b
4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
2
and M
3
in serial = a
2
d
32
b
3
M
4
e
M
1
1
YX
M
1
M
3M
2
M
4
e
M
2
1
e
M
3
1
e
M
4
1
e
Y
1
a
2

a
3

a
4

c '
b
3

b
4

b
2

b
1

d
32

d
21
d
43

d
31

d
42

d
41

Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
and M
4
in serial = a
1
d
41
b
4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
2
and M
4
in serial = a
2
d
42
b
4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
3
and M
4
in serial = a
3
d
43
b
4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
, M
2
, and M
3
in serial = a
1
d
21
d
32
b
3
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
, M
2
, and M
4
in serial = a
1
d
21
d
42
b
4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
1
, M
3
, and M
4
in serial = a
1
d
31
d
43
b
4
Indirect effect of X on Y through M
2
, M
3
, and M
4
in serial = a
2
d
32
d
43
b
4

12. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
c'
Model 7
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)b
i
a
1i b
i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 7 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.
W
W
XW
a
2i
a
3i

13. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Model 8
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)b
i
a
1i b
i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W
Note: Model 8 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.
W
W
XW
a
2i
a
3i
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'

14. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
c'
Model 9
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z) b
i
a
1i b
i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 9 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
W
W
Z
a
2i
a
3i
Z
XW XZ
a
4i a
5i

15. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Model 10
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z) b
i
a
1i b
i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
*Model 10 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
W
W
Z
a
2i
a
3i
Z
XW XZ
a
4i
a
5i
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z

16. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Y
e
Y
1
X
W
Model 11
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
XW
WZ
XZ
XWZ
Z
Z
e
M
i
M
i
c'
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
b
i
a
6i
a
7i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ) b
i
*Model 11 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
W
M
i
1

17. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Y
e
Y
1
X
W
Model 12
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
XW
WZ
XZ
XWZ
Z
e
M
i
M
i
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
b
i
a
6i a
7i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ) b
i
Note: Model 12 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
c
6
'
c
7
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z + c
7
'WZ
Z
W
M
i
1

18. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Model 13
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
XW
WZ
XZ
XWZ
Z
e
M
i
M
i
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
b
i
a
6i
a
7i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ) b
i
*Model 13 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W
Z
W
1

19. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Model 14
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= a
i
(b
1i
+ b
3i
V)
a
i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 14 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.
V
V
M
iV
c'
b
2
b
3i

20. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Model 15
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= a
i
(b
1i
+ b
2i
V)
a
i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Note: Model 15 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.
V
V
XV
b
2i
M
iV
c
1
'
c
3
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'V
c
2
'

21. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Model 16
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= a
i
(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q)
a
i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
*Model 16 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
V
M
iV
c'
b
2
b
4i
Q
Q
M
iQ
b
3
b
5i

22. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Model 17
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= a
i
(b
1i
+ b
2i
V + b
3i
Q)
a
i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
' + c
4
'V + c
5
'Q
*Model 17 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
V
M
iV
Q
Q
M
iQXQ
XV
b
2i
b
3i
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'

23. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
V
Model 18
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
VQ
Q
Q
e
M
i
M
i
c'
a
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= a
i
(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q + b
7i
VQ)
*Model 18 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
V
M
iV
M
iQ
M
iVQ
b
1i
b
2
b
3
b
4i
b
5i
b
6 b
7i
1

24. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 19 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
YX
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
V
Model 19
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
VQ
Q
Q
e
M
i
M
i
a
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= a
i
(b
1i
+ b
2i
V + b
3i
Q + b
4i
VQ)
V
M
iV M
iQ M
iVQ
b
1i
b
2i
b
3i
b
4i
XV
XQ
XVQ
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
c
6
' c
7
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'V + c
5
'Q + c
7
'VQ
1

25. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
V
Model 20
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
VQ
Q
Q
e
M
i
M
i
a
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= a
i
(b
1i
+ b
3i
V + b
4i
Q + b
6i
VQ)
*Model 20 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
M
iV
M
iQ M
iVQ
b
1i
b
2
b
3
b
4i b
5i
b
6i
XV
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'V
1

26. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 21
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
3i
V)
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Note: Model 21 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.
VW
e
Y
1
c'
a
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
W
XW
a
2i
a
3i
MiVV
b
1i
b
2 b
3i

27. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 22
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
3i
V)
Note: Model 22 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.
VW
e
Y
1
a
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
W
XW
a
2i a
3i
MiVV
b
1i
b
2 b
3i
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'

28. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 23
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
3i
V)
*Model 23 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Direct effect of X on Y = c'

Z
e
Y
1
Statistical Diagram
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
W
XW
a
2i
M
iV
a
3i
Z
XZ
a
4i
a
5i b
2
c'
V
b
3i

29. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 24
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
3i
V)
*Model 24 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W

+ c
5
'

Z
Z
e
Y
1
Statistical Diagram
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
W
XW
a
2i
M
iV
a
3i
Z
XZ
a
4i
a
5i
b
2
V
b
3i
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'

30. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Y
e
Y
1
X
W
Model 25
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
XW
WZ
XZ
XWZ
Z
Z
e
M
i
M
i
c'
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
b
1i
a
6i
a
7i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ)(b
1i
+ b
3i
V)
*Model 25 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
W
M
i
V
M
i
V
b
3ib
2
V
1

31. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Y
e
Y
1
X
W
Model 26
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
XW
WZ
XZ
XWZ
Z
e
M
i
M
i
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
a
6i a
7i
*Model 26 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
c
6
'
c
7
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z + c
7
'WZ
Z
W
M
i
M
i
VV
b
3ib
2
V
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ)(b
1i
+ b
3i
V)
b
1i
1

32. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Y
e
Y
1
X
W
Model 27
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
XW
WZ
XZ
XWZ
Z
e
M
i
M
i
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
a
6i a
7i
*Model 27 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W
Z
W
M
i
M
i
VV
b
3i
b
2
V
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ)(b
1i
+ b
3i
V)
b
1i
1

33. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Model 28
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V)
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
*Model 28 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
W
XV
c
1
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'V
W
M
i
VV
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
c
3
'
c
2
' b
2i

34. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Model 29
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V)
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
*Model 29 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
W
XV
c
1
'
c
2
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'V
W
M
i
VV
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
c
4
'
c
3
' b
2i
c
5
'

35. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 30
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V)
*Model 30 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'V
Z
e
Y
1
Statistical Diagram
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
W
XW
a
2i
M
iV
a
3i
Z
XZ
a
4i
a
5i
V
b
2i
c
1
'
c
2
'c
3
'
XV

36. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 31
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V)
*Model 31 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z + c
7
'V
Z
e
Y
1
Statistical Diagram
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
W
XW
a
2i
M
iV
a
3i
Z
XZ
a
4i
a
5i
XV
b
2i
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
V
c
4
'
c
5
' c
7
'c
6
'

37. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 32 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Model 32
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
WZ
Z
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V)
M
iVXV
b
1i
b
2i
XW
XZ
XWZ
c
1
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'V
M
i
YX
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
Z
W V
V
a
4i
a
5i
a
6i
a
7i
c
2
' c
3
'
1

38. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 33 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Model 33
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
WZ
Z
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ)(b
1i
+ b
2iV
)
M
iVXV
b
1i
b
2i
XW
XZ
XWZ
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
6
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z + c
7
'WZ + c
9
'V
M
i
YX
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
Z
W V
V
a
4i
a
5i
a
6i a
7i
c
5
'
c
7
'
c
8
' c
9
'
1

39. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 34 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Model 34
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
WZ
Z
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V)
M
iVXV
b
1i
b
2i
XW
XZ
XWZ
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'c
5
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W + c
5
'V
M
i
YX
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
Z
W V
V
a
4i
a
5ia
6i
a
7i
1

40. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressY
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Model 35
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q)
*Model 35 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
M
iV M
iQ
b
1i
b
2
b
3
b
4i
b
5i
M
i
YX
Conceptual Diagram
V
Q
W
V
XW
c'
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
1

41. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 36
Conceptual Diagram
*Model 36 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
Q
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V + b
3i
Q)
b
1i
b
2i
b
3i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
VW
M
iV M
iQXV XQ
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
5
'
c
4
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
' + c
4
'V + c
5
'Q
1

42. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Model 37
Conceptual Diagram
Q
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q + b
7i
VQ)
*Model 37 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
VW
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
b
6
b
7i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
VQ M
iVQ
c'
M
iV M
iQ
b
2
b
3
b
4i
b
5i
1

43. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Model 38
Conceptual Diagram
Q
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V + b
3i
Q + b
4i
VQ)
*Model 38 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
VQ M
iVQM
iV M
iQ
b
2i
b
3i
b
4i
XV
XVQXQ
c
1
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
7
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'V + c
5
'Q + c
7
'VQ
c
6
'
1

44. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Model 39
Conceptual Diagram
Q
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
3i
V + b
4i
Q + b
6i
VQ)
*Model 39 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
VX
e
M
i
b
1i
b
6i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
VQ M
iVQM
iV M
iQ
b
2 b
3i
b
4i
b
5
Q
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
' + c
3
'V
1

45. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressY
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Model 40
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q)
*Model 40 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
' + c
3
'W
M
iV M
iQ
b
1i
b
2
b
3
b
4i
b
5i
M
i
YX
Conceptual Diagram
V
Q
W
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
1

46. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 41
Conceptual Diagram
*Model 41 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
Q
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V + b
3i
Q)
b
1i
b
2i
b
3i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
VW
M
iV M
iQXV XQ
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
7
'
c
6
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
' + c
3
'W + c
6
'V + c
7
'Q
c
4
'
c
5
'
1

47. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Model 42
Conceptual Diagram
Q
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q + b
7i
VQ)
*Model 42 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
' + c
3
'W
VW
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
b
6i
b
7i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
VQ M
iVQM
iV M
iQ
b
2i
b
3i
b
4i
b
5i
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
1

48. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Model 43
Conceptual Diagram
Q
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V + b
3i
Q + b
4i
VQ)
*Model 43 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
VQ M
iVQM
iV M
iQ
b
2i
b
3i
b
4i
XV
XVQXQ
c
1
'
c
6
'
c
7
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
c
9
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W + c
6
'V + c
7
'Q + c
9
'VQ
c
8
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
1

49. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Model 44
Conceptual Diagram
Q
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
3i
V + b
4i
Q + b
6i
VQ)
*Model 44 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
VX
e
M
i
b
1i
b
6i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
VQ M
iVQM
iV M
iQ
b
2 b
3i
b
4i
b
5i
Q
c
1
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
' + c
3
'W + c
5
'V
c
2
'
c
3
'
1

50. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 45
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q)
*Model 45 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Direct effect of X on Y = c'

Z
Statistical Diagram
Y
e
Y
1
X
W
XW
V
XZ
Q
Z
e
M
i
c'
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
b
1i
M
i
V
M
i
b
4i
b
2
Q
M
i
Q
b
3
b
5i
1

51. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Model 46
Conceptual Diagram
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ)(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q)
*Model 46 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Z
W
Y
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
M
iV M
iQWZ
c'
Z
XZ
XWZ
b
2
b
3
b
4i
b
5i
a
4i
a
5i
a
6i
a
7i
V
Q
e
Y
1
1

52. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Model 47
Conceptual Diagram
Q
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q + b
7i
VQ)
*Model 47 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
VQ
M
iV M
iQ
c'
M
iVQ
Z
XZ b
2 b
3 b
4i
b
5i
b
6i
b
7i
a
4i
a
5i
W
Z
1

53. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
Model 48
Conceptual Diagram
Q
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ) .
(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q + b
7i
VQ)
*Model 48 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
Z
W
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
VQ
M
iV M
iQWZ
c'
M
iVQ
Z
XZ
XWZ
b
2 b
3
b
4i
b
5i
b
6i
b
7i
a
4i
a
5i
a
6i
a
7i
1

54. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 49
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q)
*Model 49 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Z
Statistical Diagram
Y
e
Y
1
X
W
XW
V
XZ
Q
Z
e
M
i
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
b
1i
M
i
V
M
i
b
4i
b
2
Q
M
i
Q
b
3
b
5i
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = + c
1
'

+ c
4
'W

+ c
5
'

Z
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
c
3
'
1

55. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 50
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V + b
3i
Q)
*Model 50 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
VW
Z Q
Y
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
XV M
iV M
iQXQ
Z
XZ b
2i
b
3i
a
4i
a
5i
e
Y
1
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
' c
4
' c
5
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'V + c
5
'Q
1

56. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 51
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7iWZ)(b
1i
+ b
4iV + b
5i
Q)
*Model 51 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
Q
Y
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
M
iV M
iQ
Z
XZ b
4i
b
5i
a
4i
a
5i
e
Y
1
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z + c
7
'WZ
Z
W
WZ XWZ
b
2b
3
a
6i
a
7i
c
6
'
c
7
'
1

57. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 52
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7iWZ)(b
1i
+ b
2iV + b
3i
Q)
*Model 52 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
V
Q
Y
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
XV XQ
Z
XZ
b
2i
b
3i
a
4i
a
5i
c
1
'
c
2
' c
3
' c
4
' c
5
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'V + c
5
'Q
Z
W
WZ XWZ
a
6i
a
7i
M
iV M
iQ
e
Y
1
1

58. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 53
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q + b
7i
VQ)
*Model 53 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
M
iVM
iQ
Z
XZ b
4i
b
5i
a
4i
a
5i
e
Y
1
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z
b
2 b
3
Q
VW
Z
M
iVQVQ
b
6
b
7i
1

59. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 54
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
2i
V + b
3i
Q + b
4i
VQ)
*Model 54 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
M
i
W
X
Statistical Diagram
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
M
iVM
iQ
Z
XZ b
2i
b
3i
a
4i
a
5i
c
1
'
c
2
' c
3
'
c
4
'
c
6
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'V + c
5
'Q + c
7
'VQ
Q
VW
Z
M
iVQVQ
b
4i
XQXV XVQ
e
Y
1
c
5
' c
7
'
1

60. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 55
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7iWZ) .
(b
1i
+ b
4i
V + b
5i
Q + b
7i
VQ)
*Model 55 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Statistical Diagram
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z + c
7
'WZ
Q
VW
Z
Y
M
i
W
X
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
M
iV M
iQ
Z
XZ b
4i
b
5i
a
4i
a
5i
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
WZ XWZ
b
2b
3
a
6i
a
7i
c
6
'
c
7
'
VQ M
iVQ
b
6
b
7i
e
Y
1
1

61. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 56
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7iWZ) .
(b
1i
+ b
2i
V + b
3i
Q + b
4i
VQ)
*Model 56 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Statistical Diagram
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = (c
1
'

+ c
4
'V + c
5
'Q + c
7
'VQ)
Q
VW
Z
Y
M
i
W
X
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
M
iV M
iQ
Z
XZ
b
4i
a
4i
a
5i
c
1
'
WZ XWZ
a
6i
a
7i
VQ
M
iVQ
e
Y
1
XV XQ
XVQ
c
2
'c
3
'c
4
' c
5
'c
6
'
c
7
' b
2i
b
3i
1

62. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
Model 57
Conceptual Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7iWZ) .
(b
1i
+ b
2i
V + b
3i
Q + b
4i
VQ)
*Model 57 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Statistical Diagram
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = (c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z + c
7
'WZ + c
10
'V + c
11
'Q + c
13
'VQ)
Q
VW
Z
Y
M
i
W
X
Q
e
M
i
b
1i
V
XW
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
M
iV M
iQ
Z
XZ
b
4i
a
4i
a
5i
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
WZ XWZ
a
6i
a
7i
c
6
'
c
7
'
VQ
M
iVQ
e
Y
1
XV XQ
XVQ
c
8
'c
9
'c
10
' c
11
'c
12
'
c
13
' b
2i
b
3i
1

63. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressYX
e
Y
1
Model 58
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)

(b
1i
+ b
3i
W)
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Note: Model 58 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.
W
c'
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
M
i
W
XW
a
2i
M
iW
b
3i
b
2
a
3i

64. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Presse
Y
1
Model 59
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)

(b
1i
+ b
2i
W)
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Note: Model 59 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel.
c
1
'
W
XW
a
2i
M
iW
b
2i
a
3i
M
i
YX
W
c
3
'
c
2
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W

65. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Presse
Y
1
Model 60
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W+ a
5i
Z)

(b
1i
+ b
3i
W)
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
*Model 60 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
c'
W
XW
a
2i
M
iW
b
3i
a
3i
M
i
YX
W
Direct effect of X on Y = c'

Z
Z
XZ
a
4i
a
5i
b
2

66. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Presse
Y
1
Model 61
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W+ a
5i
Z)

(b
1i
+ b
2i
W)
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
*Model 61 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
c
1
'
W
XW
a
2i
M
iW
b
2i
a
3i
M
i
YX
W
c
3
'
c
2
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W
Z
Z
XZ
a
4i
a
5i

67. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Presse
Y
1
Model 62
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W+ a
5i
Z)

(b
1i
+ b
3i
W)
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
*Model 62 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
W
XW
a
2i
M
iW
b
3i
a
3i
M
i
YX
W
Z
Z
XZ
a
4i
a
5i
b
2
c
1
'
c
2
' c
3
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'Z

68. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Presse
Y
1
Model 63
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W+ a
5i
Z)

(b
1i
+ b
2i
W)
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
*Model 63 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
W
XW
a
2i
M
iW
a
3i
M
i
YX
W
Z
Z
XZ
a
4i
a
5i
b
2i
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z
c
4
' c
5
'

69. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Presse
Y
1
Model 64
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)

(b
1i
+ b
4i
W + b
5i
V)
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
*Model 64 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
c'
W
XW
a
2i
b
4i
a
3i
M
i
YX
W
Direct effect of X on Y = c'

V
M
iV
b
3
b
5i
V
b
2
M
iW

70. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressModel 65
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
*Model 65 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
M
i
YX
W
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W
V
e
Y
1
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
c
1
'
W
XW
a
2i
b
3i
a
3i
c
3
'
c
2
'
M
iV
b
2 b
4i
V
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)

(b
1i
+ b
3i
W + b
4i
V)
M
iW
1

71. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressModel 66
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
*Model 66 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
M
i
YX
W
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'V
V
e
Y
1
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
c
1
'
W
a
2i
a
3i
c
2
'
M
iV
b
4i
XW
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)

(b
1i
+ b
3i
W + b
4i
V)
XV M
iW
b
3i
c
3
'
b
2
V
1

72. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressModel 67
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
*Model 67 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
M
i
YX
W
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
3
'W + c
5
'V
V
e
Y
1
a
1i
b
1i
M
i
YX
c
1
'
W
a
2i
a
3i
c
2
'
M
iV
b
3i
XW
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)

(b
1i
+ b
2i
W + b
3i
V)
XV M
iW
b
2i
c
5
'
V
c
3
'
c
4
'
1

73. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 68 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Model 68
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
WZ
Z
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ)(b
1i
+ b
3i
W)
M
iW
b
1i
b
3i
XW
XZ
XWZ
c'
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
M
i
YX
WZ
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
a
6i
a
7i
b
2
1

74. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 69 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Model 69
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
WZ
Z
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ)(b
1i
+ b
2i
W)
M
iW
b
1i
b
2i
XW
XZ
XWZ
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
c
6
'
c
7
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z + c
7
'WZ
M
i
YX
WZ
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
a
6i
a
7i
1

75. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 70 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
Model 70
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
WV
W
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
4i
W + b
5i
V + b
7i
WV)
M
iW M
iV M
iWV
b
1i
b
2
b
4i
b
5i
XW
c'
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
M
i
YX
W V
a
1i
a
2i a
3i
V
b
3
b
7i
b
6
1

76. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 71 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Model 71
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
WV
V
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
3i
W)(b
1i
+ b
2i
W + b
3i
V + b
4i
WV)
M
iW M
iV M
iWV
b
1i
b
2i
b
3i
b
4i
XW
XV
XWV
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
c
6
'
c
7
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'V + c
7
'WV
M
i
YX
W V
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
1

77. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 72 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Model 72
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
WZ
Z
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ) .
(b
1i
+ b
4i
W + b
5i
Z + b
7i
WZ)
M
iW M
iZ M
iWZ
b
1i
b
2
b
3
b
4iXW
XZ
XWZ
c'
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
M
i
YX
WZ
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
a
6i a
7i
b
5i
b
6
b
7i
1

78. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 73 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Model 73
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
WZ
Z
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z + a
7i
WZ) .
(b
1i
+ b
2i
W + b
3i
Z + b
4i
WZ)
M
iW M
iZ M
iWZ
b
1i
b
2i
b
3i
b
4i
XW
XZ
XWZ
c
1
'
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
c
6
'
c
7
'
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z + c
7
'WZ
M
i
YX
WZ
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
a
6i
a
7i
1

79. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford PressM
i
YX
e
Y
1
Model 74
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= a
i
(b
1i
+ c
2i
'X)
a
i
b
1i
M
i
YX
e
M
i
1
Note: Model 74 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel. PROCESS does not
produce a table of conditional direct effects for model 74. With only one mediator, use
model 1 to generate the conditional direct effects, specifying M as moderator.
XM
i
c
1
'
c
2i
'
Conditional direct effect of X = c
1
' + c
2i
'M

80. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 75 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Model 75
(PROCESS v2.05 or later)
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Z
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
4i
W + b
5i
Z)
M
iZ
b
1i
b
2
b
3
b
4i
XW
XZ
c'
Direct effect of X on Y = c'
M
i
YX
W Z
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
b
5i
1
M
iW

81. Model templates for PROCESS for SPSS and SAS
c⃝2013-2016 Andrew F. Hayes and The Guilford Press*Model 76 allows up to 10 mediators operating in parallel
Y
e
Y
1
M
i
X
W
Conceptual Diagram
Statistical Diagram
Z
e
M
i
Conditional indirect effect of X on Y through M
i
= (a
1i
+ a
4i
W + a
5i
Z)(b
1i
+ b
2i
W + b
3i
Z)
M
iZ
b
1i
b
2i
XW
XZ
a
1i
a
2i
a
3i
a
4i
a
5i
b
3i
1
M
iW
Conditional direct effect of X on Y = c
1
'

+ c
4
'W + c
5
'Z
c
2
'
c
3
'
c
4
'
c
5
'
c
1
'
M
i
YX
W Z
Model 76
(PROCESS v2.05 or later)