Modern Agroforestry Systems

all about the modern systems of agroforestry

1. Modern Agroforestry Systems : Vivek Chauhan (16091)

2. Contents: Introduction Impacts Products Types Systems Tree species Case study References

3. INTRODUCTION: Modern agroforestry systems can be defined as agroforestry systems that involve the integration of modern farming and forestry techniques to get more output from a unit area in unit time. These cover the integral part of agroforestry as defined in its definition i.e : “TREES+CROPS+LIVESTOCK” Due to these sytems agroforestry is also being known now a days as : “The Future Farming” They are also known (MAS’s) as the artificial systems or the scientific systems of agroforestry.

4. Impacts: Economic stability. Diversification of local products and economies. Diversification of rural skills. Improved food and fuel security. Improvements to the cultural and natural environment. Landscape diversification. Reduction in risk of total crop failure.

5. Products: Food Fuel Timber Fodder and forage Fibre Gums and resins Medicinal products Craft products Recreation Ecological services

6. Types: Agrisilviculture : Tree + Crops Boundary Plantation : Trees on boundary + crops Block plantation : Trees + Crops Energy plantation : Trees + crops during initial year Alley cropping : Shrubs + crops Agrihorticulture : Fruit trees + crops Agrihortisilviculture : Trees + fruit trees + crops Agrisilvipasture : Trees + crops + pasture/animals Hortipasture : Fruit trees + pasture/animals Silvipasture : Trees + pasture/animals Shelterbelts : Trees +/- crops Windbreaks : Trees +/- crops Homesteads : Multiple combination of trees, fruit trees etc. Entomoforestry : Trees + Sericulture Aquaforestry : Trees + fish

7. AGRISILVICULTURAL SYSTEM

8. P oplar plantations: Species used: Poplus deltoides Variety: G48 (grown in the plains of Punjab,Haryana , UP ) w22 (grown in mountainous regions, e.g., Himachal Pradesh, Pathankot , Jammu)

9. Alley cropping

10. Trees along borders of crop fields Alternate strips or alley cropping Random mixture S trip plantation

11. Crop combination with plantation crops: In tea gardens: Albizia chinensis was the first tree used as shade tree. Albizia odoratissima , Dalbergia sissoo , Erythrina indica etc. were also introduced simultaneously in different tea gardens ( Barua , 2007).

12. Multipurpose trees and shrubs on farmlands: Species used: Toona ciliata Grewia optiva Azadirachta indica Melia dubia Madhuca longifolia Terminalia alata Terminalia arjuna Ficus auriculata Bombex ceiba Aegle marmelos Alnus nepalensis etc.

13. Shelter-belts

14. Wind-breaks Species used (windbreaks and shelterbelts): Dodonaia viscosa , Cassia sp., Clerodendron , Acacia arabica , Dalbergia , Eucalyptus, Parkinsonia , Prosopis etc. Source:http ://agriinfo.in

15. Soil conservation hedges

16. Multistory Agroforestry:

17. Protein bank: In this Silvipastoral system, various multipurpose trees (protein rich trees) are planted in or around farmlands and range lands for cut and carry fodder production to meet the feed requirement of livestock during the fodder deficit period in winter. Example:  Acacia nilotica , Albizia lebbeck ,   Azadirachta indica , Leucaena leucocephala , Gliricidia sepium , Sesbania grandiflora . Living fence of fodder trees and hedges: In this system, various fodder trees and hedges are planted as live fence to protect the property from stray animals or other biotic influences. Example:  Gliricidia sepium , Sesbania grandiflora , Erythrina sp , Acacia sp. SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM

18. Trees and shrubs on pasture: In this system, various tree and shrub species are scattered irregularly or arranged according to some systemic pattern to supplement forage production. Example:  Acacia nilotica , Acacia leucophloea , Tamarindus indica , Azadirachta indica

19. Other Agroforestry System a) Horti -pastoral System:  Cultivation of Horticultural crops plus pastures . b) Agri - Horti -Pastoral System: In this system, in the marginal lands the fruit crops like Mango, Ber , Anona , Jamun , Tamrind , Wood apple etc. are taken along with forest trees and the food grains like, Peas, Gram, Wheat, Rice, Vegetables are taken . c) Apiculture with Trees:  In this system, the flowering trees like Kanchan Jacaranda Spathodia , Erythrina , Krate sawar , Palas are planted for producing the honey in addition to Jamun , Mahuha , Ecualyptus like trees are also planted for honey collection . d) Aqua Forestry: Plants grown on the boundary around fish ponds like Casuriana , Coconut, Arecanut , Kokum, Babhul , Bamboo, etc . e) Multipurpose Wood Lots:  The specific multipurpose trees are grown mixed or separately on the farm like Australin babhul , Euclayputs , Subabhul , Bakan , Bamboo etc.

20. Lycopersicon esculentum ,  Grewia optiva  and  Punica granatum   in Agri - silvi -horticulture system. Source: Agri - Silvi -Horticulture System:

21. S ource: Dr . Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University Pusa , Samastipur - 848 125, Bihar, India Agri -Horticulture System: “Litchi and turmeric”

22. Silvi - sericulture: Species used: Eri silkworm : castor leaves. Tasar silkworms : trees of Terminalia species and on oak. Mulberry Silk worms: mulberry leaves. Muga silkworm : shrubs – Machilus bombycina and Litsae polyantha . Source:https ://www.agrifarming.in/mulberry-cultivation / And silk board of india .

23. Species used: Willows Oaks Aponogeton etc.

24. Tree Species

25. FSI report. important

26. Nitrogen Fixing Species: Alnus nepalensis Leucaena leucocephala Albizia lebbeck Sesbania grandiflora Casuarina equestifolia etc.

27. Exotic tree species: (most common) Poplar ( Populus deltoides ) This tree was was introduced to India in the 1950s, from the United States of America. It is now widely grown all over northern India and is considered an agroforestry tree because of its desirable characteristics and multiple uses. It is widely grown on a rotation of six to eight years .

28. Eucalyptus tereticornis This tree was introduced to India from Australia around 1790. Now, its cultivation has spread to nearly the whole of the Indian subcontinent.

29. Prosopis juliflora Introduced a century ago from South America, this tree (Fig. 4) is locally known as " kabuli kikar ." It has successfully established itself on almost all the habitats including saline lands, alkali lands, wastelands, road sides, field boundaries and common lands. It is an evergreen tree

30. Leucaena leucocephala This tree is an exotic tree introduced from Hawaii, USA. Indians perceived it as a miracle tree as it provides fodder, fuel, pulpwood and timber. 

31. CASE STUDY: Owner: Surinder Singh Harra Location : Yamunanagar district, haryan . Area- 100 acres. Agroforestry systems: Agrihortisilviculture Aquaforestry Agrisilvipasture D r.Norman Borlaug (first agricultural scientist to win a nobel prize)- “ H ara has taken farming a step beyond what I had thought”

32. Reference: http://www.organicresearchcentre.com / http:// www.sunday-guardian.com/news/innovator-in-agro-forestry-impresses-world http:// www.worldagroforestry.org/Units/Library/Books/Book%2007/agroforestry%20a%20decade%20of%20development/html/3_agroforestory%20in%20india.htm?n=16 http:// fsi.nic.in/cover_2013/treesinggroforestry.pdf https:// www.slideshare.net/VivekSrivastava22/agroforestry-systems-and-architecture http:// www.fao.org/docrep/008/af338e/af338e06.htm http://bioresonline.org/article/tree-species-with-potential-of-nitrogen-fixation-in-agroforestry-system-adopted-by-farmers-in-semi-arid-region-of-southern-india / https:// www.slideshare.net/SabariNathan64/integrated-farming-system-61784067 The Tribune(newspaper) https://www.rpcau.ac.in/litchi-based-agri-horticultural-system/litchi-turmeric / Reports of FAO.

33. Thank You..!