modern drama.pptx by samuell a imp drama

Slides

1. Waiting for Godot By Samuel Bechett Name: Friha Dar Sap ID: 55892 Subject: Modern Drama Submitted To: Dr Shahid Imtiaz Department: M Phil English Literature

2. Samual B Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. Sartre was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism (and phenomenology). His work has influenced sociology, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and literary studies. He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature .

3. No Exit No Exit is a 1944 existentialist French play by Jean-Paul Sartre. The play was first performed at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in May 1944. The play begins with three characters who find themselves waiting in a mysterious room. The play is set in a room furnished in the style of French second empire where three characters, Garcin, Inez, and Estelle, are trapped together. The room is devoid of windows, mirrors, and any other external references, creating a sense of isolation and confinement.

4. What is Existentialism? Existentialism is a philosophical movement that focuses on individual freedom , choice and existence. It asserts that: Individuals first exist then define their essence through actions and choices. People are free to make their choices, but they also bear responsibility for consequences of their actions. Life has no inherent meaning except that individuals create for themselves. To live authentic life one should make choices based on ones true self, rather than conforming to societal expectations.

5. Characters Garcin A Journalist and pacifist who fled his country during a war and was executed for dissertation. Inez A postal clerk who manipulated her lover into leaving her husband, leading to their mutual destruction. Estelle A wealthy woman who drowned her illegitimate child and caused her lover suicide.

6. Plot Summary The play begins with Garcin , a coward who was executed by firing squad, entering the room. He is soon joined by Inez , a woman who killed herself, and Estelle , a woman who died of illness. They initially expect to be physically tortured but surprised by ordinary appearance of room. The three characters are initially unaware of each other's pasts and deaths, but as they interact, they reveal their stories and the circumstances of their deaths and began to realise they are each others torture. Throughout the play, the characters struggle to come to terms with their situation and their relationships with each other. Garcin tries to leave the room but the door won’t open and he realise they are trapped in a cycle of torment and psychological toture unable to leave, and are forced to confront the reality of their own mortality"

7. Themes The play is centered around the theme of the " gaze " or the power of others to shape our perceptions of ourselves. The characters are constantly aware of each other's gaze, which they use to define and judge each other. This theme is closely tied to Sartre's existentialist philosophy, emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and responsibility. The famous lone Hell is other people highlights the idea that most profound suffering comes from the relationships and judgments of others. Other key themes in the play include the failure of religion to provide meaning and the absurdity of human existence . The play suggests that even in the afterlife, humans are still trapped in their own personal hell, created by their own choices and the choices of others

8. Symbolism The room in which the characters are trapped serves as a symbol for the afterlife and the confinement of human existence. The lack of windows and mirrors also highlights the characters' inability to escape their own reflections and the judgments of others

9. Conclusion "No Exit" is a powerful exploration of the human condition. The play explores the concept of "bad faith" where individuals deny their own autonomy by letting others define their essence. This is evident in the characters' inability to escape their own reflections and the judgments of others, which ultimately leads to their eternal torment. The characters in the play are trapped in a room with no windows, mirrors, or any other external references, symbolizing the confinement of human existence. They are forced to confront each other and their own mortality, which highlights the theme of the "gaze" or the power of others to shape our perceptions of ourselves. The main themes of the play, such as freedom and responsibility, aloneness, and the failure of religion, are all rooted in Sartre's existentialist philosophy. The play demonstrates how the characters' choices and actions are influenced by the presence of others, leading to a sense of self-torture and despair.