modern periodic table

periodic table for ninth grade IGCSE

1. Modern Periodic Table
Mrs. Coyle

2. Part I
Introduction.
Periods and groups.
Metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

3. The Modern Periodic Table
The Periodic Table is a listing of all the
known elements.
The elements are organized by:
Atomic number
Chemical Properties

4. Groups and Periods
Group( or Family): a vertical column.
Elements in groups have similar
chemical properties.
Period: a horizontal row.

5. Groups and Periods are
numbered.
There are 7 periods.
There are 18 numbered columns.

7. IUPAC
International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry
1985 new system for labeling groups.

8. Metals, Nonmetals and
Metalloids
Elements can be classified into:
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids (semimetals)

9. Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals

11. Actinides and Lanthanides

12. Physical Properties of Metals
Good conductors of electricity and heat.
Malleable (can be hammered into sheets).
Ductile (can be drawn into wires).
Lustrous.

13. Chemical Properties of Metals
Easily lose electrons.
Form positive (+) ions.

14. Nonmetal Physical Properties
They do not have the properties of
metals.

15. Nonmetal Chemical Properties
Gain electrons.
Form negative ions.

16. Part II
Valence Electrons
Group 1
Group 2

17. -Niels Bohr’s Model –
Distinct Energy Levels

18. Periods
The periods (rows) of the periodic table
indicate the highest energy level
occupied by one or more electrons.

19. Valence Electrons
The electrons the occupy the highest
energy level of an atom.
Valence electrons play a key role in the
chemical properties of an element.

20. “A” Groups (Old System)
The “A” groups are numbered 18.
The number of the “A” groups
correspond to the number of valence
electrons.

21. Group 1- Alkali Metals
1 valence electron (ns
1)
Form a 1+ ion.
Note: Hydrogen, a nonmetal, is located
in the first column because it has one
valence electron.

22. Group 1- Alkali Metals
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Rubidium
Cesium
Francium

23. Sodium’s Reaction with H
2
O
Produces Hydrogen

24. Reactivity of Alkali Metals
Increases from top to bottom of the
group.
Which is more reactive Cesium or
Sodium?

25. Note:
Sodium and Potassium are stored in oil
to keep them from reacting with oxygen
and water in the air.
Cesium is stored in glass tubes of
argon gas( an inert gas).

26. Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals
Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Radium

27. Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals
Have 2 valence electrons.
Form 2+ ions.

28. Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals
Reactions with Water
Be does not react with water.
Mg reacts with hot water.
Ca, Sr, Ba react easily with cold water.
Which way along the group does
reactivity increase?

29. Notes:
There is Mg in chrolophyll
C
55
H
72
O
5
N
4
Mg
Calcium is in your bones,
chalk, limestone,
toothpaste, pearl (all as
calcium carbonate).

30. The Periodic Table