Module 3. The Questionable Critical Ingredients.pptx

Presentation1.pptx

1. MODULE 3: THE CRITICAL NGREDIENTS By : Ruby A. Andong STESDS & Halal Regional Focal Person

2. 2 Session Objectives At the end of the session, the participants are expected to familiarize themselves to some critical ingredients on: Food and Beverages; Cosmetic and Personal Care; and Pharmaceutical

3. • * Give at least one (1) ingredient you know at the meta card provided to you and post it on the board or at the space provided * After the session, reflect on the ingredients posted on the board Activity 1: Ingredients in the Food we Eat

4. THE CRITICAL INGREDIENTS IN FOOD & BEVERAGES

5. FATS AND OIL PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID ENZYME 5 FOOD & BEVERAGE: CRITICAL INGREDIENTS

6. 1) FATS AND OIL : FOOD INGREDIENTS Emulsifier glycerine, mono and diglyceride Antioxidants Vitamins vitamin A, Vitamin D, Panthenol (vitamin B-Complex) Polysorbate , monosorbate Isopropyl myristate Lard Fatty Acid Linoleic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid etc Lipid - lipoid

7. 1) FATS AND OIL : FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES Stability Reduce degree of unsaturation; Cooking oil Emulsion and foam stabilization Texture Chocolate hardness and snap Shortening and margarine Stabilize air/gas bubbles in ice-cream Creaminess Coating tongue Coolness Sharp melting; margarine, chocolate Flavour carrier

8. 1. FATS AND OIL : SOURCES Plant: Fruit Oils Palm Oil Olive Oil Coconut Oil

9. 1. FATS AND OIL : SOURCES Plant: Seed Oils

10. 1. FATS AND OIL : SOURCES Animal: adipose tissue flesh butter oil

11. 2. PROTEIN & AMINO ACIDS : SOURCE Animals T issue P rotein Amino Acid

12. 2. PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID: FOOD INGREDIENT

13. 3. ENZYMES Enzymes are biocatalysts which accelerate the rate of chemical reactions All proteins Present in all living cells Exhibit a high specificity 3,000 different enzymes have been isolated and classified

14. 3. ENZYMES : SOME OF THE SOURCES Fungi Plant Animal Man Fruit Microbes

15. Use of Enzyme in Food Processing Industry a. Directly- Meat tenderizer, yogurt , beverage b. Indirectly- Production of emulsifier (ingredient), Structured lipid,

16. The Microbe/ Starter culture ? Growth Media for the Microbe ? Others ingredients involves-emulsifier? The process according to laws of Islam? Halal Status of Food Product Using Enzyme

17. COSMETICS

18. COSMETIC: CRITICAL INGREDIENTS 2 . GELATINE 1. COLLAGEN 3. VITAMIN 4. HYALURONAN 9. FATS AND ITS DERIVATIVES 5. UREA 6. ALLANTOIN 7. STEM CELLS 8. ALCOHOL

19. 1. COLLAGEN Sources: mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendon, ligament and skin (bovine & porcine) scales and skin (fish) Function: decrease wrinkles and other signs of aging healing of burns Product: Eye mask & skin care

20. A complex combination of proteins obtained from hydrolysis of collagen Source: Mammalian – pig skin & cattle hide Aquatic sources – fish skins, scales & bones Poultry sources - skin and bone material Function: Film Forming Viscosity controlling Product : topical creams, acting as a product texture conditioner, and moisturizer 2. GELATINE

21. HALAL ISSUES OF GELATIN More than 95% gelatin in the market today is from non-halal or doubtful sources About 70% is used as edible gelatin – Muslim consumer is vulnerable to the consumption

22. The most widely used vitamins in cosmetics are vitamin A, C, E and provitamin B5 . Products: Facial cream, Anti aging, Whitening skincare, Brightening serum, Facial toner, Facial wash, Moisturizer, Lotion & Anti blemish skincare 3. VITAMIN

23. 4. HYALURONAN It is also called hyaluronic acid or hyaluronate or HA Source: connective tissue of animals Function: used as humectant, antioxidant, stimulating agent for collagen synthesis and cell proliferation and cytotaxis , and believed to be a key factor in fighting aging Product: Skin care & lipstick

24. 5. UREA Source: Urine of mammals Chemically synthesis Function: minimizes the change in the acid/base balance of a product when other ingredients are added to that product increases the water content of the top layers of the skin Product: Skin care, hair care, face cream, body cream and lotion

25. 6. ALLANTOIN It is also called Urea, 5-ureidohydanton or glyoxyldiureide Sources: Comfrey plant Urine of cows and most mammals Chemically synthesized Function: Skin conditioning, skin protecting, soothing. Product: An ti -aging , sunscreen SPF 15 and above, shampoo, facial cleanser

26. 7. STEM CELLS Defined as: unspecialized cells multiply themselves differentiate into more mature cells Sources: Plant stem cell Algae derived stem cell Human stem cell : embryo, tissues of the fetus, the umbilical cord, placenta and in several adult organs

27. Function: Anti ageing / decreases wrinkles Reconstructive surgery Boost production of human stem cell (epidermal layer of the skin) Protect and rejuvenate skin stem cells by combating environmental and UV stress Product: Face serum, Anti aging night care, Sunblock cream, Moisturizer & Face lifting serum 7. STEM CELLS

28. 8. ALCOHOL According to USFDA (2000), cosmetic labeling, use the term ‘alcohol,’ to refer ethyl alcohol Use denatured alcohol Source: fermentation of carbohydrates reductive cleavage of natural fats and oils chemical synthesis from petrochemical source Function : as a vehicle to deliver ingredients to the skin’s surface easy dissolution of the perfume oils into a clear, transparent, homogeneous solution aesthetic property-evaporating quickly, cooling the skin and strong lift of the fragrance after apply to skin

29. Product: Facial toner, makeup remover, sanitizer & perfume The use of industrial alcohol in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and fragrances product are permissible (National Islamic Fatwa Council of Malaysia,1984) However there are some of the cosmetic products use the alcohol from intoxicating beverage as the ingredient Eg . Alcohol from sake, pitera (yeast) from sake brewery 8. ALCOHOL

30. Common fat and its derivatives used in the cosmetic are lard, tallow, glycerin, and fatty acid Source: Lard (fat from hog abdomens) Tallow (rendered beef fat) Glycerin (derived from animal or vegetable fat) Fatty acid (derived from animal or vegetable fat) Function: Denaturant , Humectants, Perfuming & Solvent Product: Perfumes , anti-aging skin products, moisturizer, face powder, hair conditioning, lipstick, nail polish, coloring products, Sunscreen & deodorant 9 . FATS AND ITS DERIVATIVES

31. PHARMACEUTICAL

32. Gelatin 33

33. 2. Stearic Acid 34

34. Glycerol 35 SYNTHETIC FAT AND OIL

35. Alcohol 36 ACCORDING TO NATIONAL FATWA COUNCIL:

36. Enzyme 37

37. Pig Organs And Their Products 38 LIVER Uricase Arachidonic acid STOMACH Pepsin Castle’s intrinsic factor

38. Pig Organs And Their Products 39 FAT Glycerol Stearic acid SKIN Gelatin

39. Pig Organs And Their Products 40 BONE Gelatin Chondroitin sulphate (cartilage) PANCREASE Amylase Insulin Lipase Chymotrypsin

40. Pig Organs And Their Products 41 SMALL INTESTINE Trypsin

41. HOW TO IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SOURCES? Via primary sources: research studies published in medical journal. Via secondary sources: journal/magazine article which interpret or reviews previous findings. Via tertiary sources: textbooks, monographs, handbooks , published symposia. 42 MOST COMMONLY USED

42. 43

43. Example: British Pharmacopeia 44

44. Animal Adjectives ant/ formicid , bee/ apian , bird/ avian , crow/ corvine , songbird/ oniscine , cod/ gadoid , carp/ cyprine , fish/ piscine , gull/ laridine , wasp/ vespine , butterfly/ papilionaceous , worm/ vermian , spider/ arachnidan , snake/ anguine , turtle/ testudinian , cat/ feline , rabbit/ cunicular , hare/ leporine , dog/ canine , deer/ cervine , mouse/ murine , reindeer/ rangiferine , fox/ vulpine , wolf/ lupine , goat/ caprine , sheep/ ovine , swan/ cygnean , duck/ anatine , starling/ sturnine , goose/ anserine , mongoose/ herpestine , grouse/ tetraonine , ostrich/ struthionine , horse/ equine , chicken/ gallinaceous , cattle/ bovine , pig/ porcine , agouti/ dasyproctine , whale/ cetacean , kangaroo/ macropine , ape/ simian , frog/ batrachian , bear/ ursine , man/ human or hominid ( gender specific : man/ masculine , woman/ feminine ) Latin influence on English that means "like this animal" 45

45. Lupine - Wolf Vulpine - Red Fox Alopine - Arctic Fox Musteline - Weasel Martine - Sable Phocine - Seal Myrmecophagine - Anteater Bubaline - Water Buffalo Caprine - Ibex Cervine - Deer Lapine - Hare Bosine - Yak Butine - Hawk Acrine - Frog Meline - Badger Macropodine - Kangaroo Actinine - Sandpiper Varanine - Monitor Lizard Ursine - Grizzly Bear Orcine - Killer Whale Delphine - Dolphin Dasypine - Armadillo Crotaline – Rattlesnake Colubine - Racer Snake Aegypine - Vulture Terrapine - Turtle Geochine - Tortise 46 Sylvine - Cottontail Spermophine - Ground Squirrel Petaurine - Flying Squirrel Sciurine - Tree Squirrel Pongine - Orangutan Sarcophine - Tasmanian Devil Procyonine - Raccoon Larine - Seagull Viverrine - Civet Herpestine - Meerkat Proboscine - Elephant Castorine - Beaver Cricetine - Hamster Rhombomine - Gerbil Glirine - Dormouse Hystricine - Porcupine Cavine - Guinea Pig Columbine - Dove Kobine - Waterbuck Isodine - Bandicoot Helodine - Gila Monster Alaudine (Skylark-like - Obscure) Anserine (Goose-like) Aquiline (Eagle-like) ) Asinine (Ass-like ) Cancrine (Crab-like Colubrine (Snake-like) Corvine (Crow-like) Elapine (Poisonous Snake-like) Elaphine (Stag-like) Falconine (Falcon Or Hawk-like) Gruine (Crane-like) Hircine (Goat-like) Leonine (Lion-like) Leporine (Rabbit-like) Lyncine (Wildcat-like) Murine (Rodent-like) Oscine (Songbird-like) Pavonine (Peacock) Picine (Woodpecker-like) Psittacine (Parrot-like) Ranine (Frog Or Toad-like) Rusine ( Rusa Deer-like) Serpentine (Snake-like) Soricine (Shrew-like) Strigine (Owl-like) Tigrine (Tiger-like) Vespertilionine (Bat-like) Volucrine (Bird-like) Vulpine (Fox-like) Zebrine (Zebra-like)

46. Basic Composition Of Tablet Excipient (Inactive Ingredients) No Name/Function Example Source 1 Diluent -To make up the volume Dibasic calcium phosphate Synthetic chemical Lactose Animal (bovine) Microcrystalline cellulose Plant 2 Binder -To give sufficient Hardness Povidone Synthetic chemical Starch paste Plant Acacia Plant 3 Disintegrant -To break up tablets in smaller fragments Starch and its derivative Plant Methyl cellulose Synthetic chemical Sodium croscarmellose Synthetic chemical 47

47. Excipient s (Inactive Ingredients) No Name/Function Example Source 4 Lubricant -To reduce friction between die wall and tablet wall Magnesium Stearate Animal (Bovine or Porcine ) or Plant Talc Mineral Calcium Stearate Animal (Bovine or Porcine ) or Plant 5 Glidant - To maintain the flow property Magnesium Stearate Animal (Bovine or Porcine ) or Plant Aerosil Mineral Talc Mineral 6 Coloring agent -To improve elegance Dye Plant, synthetic chemical or mineral Lake pigment Plant 48 Basic Composition Of Tablet

48. Excipient s (Inactive Ingredients) No Name/Function Example Source 1 Lubricant -To reduce friction between die wall and tablet wall Magnesium Stearate Animal (bovine or porcine ) or Plant Talc Mineral 2 Surfactant - To maintain the flow property Sodium docusate Synthetic chemical Sodium lauryl sulfate Plant 49 Basic Composition Of Capsule

49. Basic Composition Of Capsule 3 Shell (Capsule) -To enclose medicine Basic Composition Source 1) Gelatin powder Animal (bovine or porcine ) 2) Plasticizer – in soft capsule only (glycerin) Animal (bovine or porcine ) or synthetic chemical 3) Water - 4) Preservative (Propionic , benzoic, sorbic and their sodium salt) Synthetic chemical 5) Colorant (Titanium oxide, caramel, acid fuchsine B, chlorophylls, etc ) Minerals, plant or synthetic chemical 6) Opaquing agent (Titanium dioxide) Mineral 50

50. Reflection Session: How do you feel now after our session on the critical ingredients? EVALUATION

51. Thailand Columbia Spain Canada S. Africa Brunei Shukran/ Thank You

52. References Jakim Professor Presentation during the MTCP Training Course on The Administration of National Halal Certification Body on April 1-17, 2015 at Putrajaya , Malaysia 'Islamic Dietary Laws and Practices by Mohammad Mazhar Hussaini and M S Ahmad Hussein Sakr , Ph.D .