Module 5 Bone, Joints & Muscle Injuries.ppt

first aid training

2. Common Causes:
1.Vehicular Accidents
2.Motorbike Accidents
3.Mishandling of Tools & Equipments
4.Falls
5.Sports
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3. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
1. Pain
2. Swelling
3. Misshapen appearance and obvious deformity
4. Exposed bone
5. Pale, bluish skin, loss of pulse in an injured limb
6. Numbness furthers down the arm and leg
7. Bruising

4. 1.Muscle Cramp or Spasm
isthesudden,painfultighteningofamuscle.
First Aid Management:
1.Havethevictimstretchouthe
affectedmuscletocounteract
thecramp.
2.Massagethecrampedmuscle
firmlybutgently.
3.Applyheat.Moistheatismore
effectivethandryheat.
4.Getmedicalhelpifcramps
persist.
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5. 2.Muscle Strain or Pulled Muscle
isthesudden,painfultearingofmusclefiberduringexertion.
Signsandsymptoms:
1.Pain
2.Swelling
3.Bruising
4.Lossofefficientmovement
First Aid Management:
1.Applycoldcompressesatonce.
2.Elevatethelimbtoreduceswellingandbleedingwithinthe
muscle.Restthepulledmusclefor24hours.
3.Getmedicalhelp.
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6. 3.Sprain
iscausedbytornfibersinaligament.
Signandsymptoms:
1.Pain
2.Swelling
3.Bruising
First Aid Management:
1.Removeanyclothingorjewelryfromaroundthejoint.
2.Applycoldcompressatonce.
3.Elevatetheaffectedjointwithpilloworclothing.
4.Thevictim’sphysicianmayrecommendanoverthecounteranti–
inflammatorymedication(aspirin,ibuprofen)appropriatesforthe
victim’sgeneralhealth.
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7. 4. Dislocation and Broken Bones
Jointdislocation-isthedisplacementofabonefromitsnormal
positionatajoint.
Brokenbone-isabreakordisruptioninbonetissue.
SignsandSymptoms:
1.Pain
2.Misshapen
3.Swelling
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Province of Lanaodel Norte

8. Fracturesalmostalwayshaveassociated
bruisingintothesurroundingsofttissue.
Boneendsmayprotrudethroughtheskin
orbevisiblewithinthewoundofanopen
fracture.
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Province of Lanaodel Norte

9. First Aid Management:
1.Checkthevictim’sCAB’s
2.Keepthevictimstill.
3.Preventinfectionbycoveringasteriledressingbefore
immobilizing.
4.Splintorslingtheinjuryintheposition,whichyoufoundit.
5.Takestepstopreventshock.
6.Getmedicalhelp.

10. SPLINTING
it is an emergency procedure causing the injured area to be
immobilize.
REASONS OF SPLINTING:
-to prevent pain
-to prevent bleeding
-to prevent from close fracture to open fracture
TYPES OF SPLINTING:
A. Anatomical
B. Soft
C. Rigid

11. PRIORITIES OF SPLINTING:
1
ST
Spinal column
2
nd
Head
Rid cage
Pelvis
3
rd
Upper extremities
Lower extremities
USE OF BANDAGE:
Collarbone Rib
Ankle Arm support
USE OF WOOD OR OTHER IMPROVISED SPLINTS:
Elbow Knee/Leg
Forearm/Hand/Wrist Ankle
Finger Traction Splint
Hip/Thigh

12. Immobilization/Splinting Procedures:
UnderarmslingforFracture
Collarbone.
Bandagesupportforribfracture.
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13. Immobilization/Splinting Procedures Cont…
Sprain Ankle: Shoe On Sprain Ankle: Shoe Off
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14. Immobilization/Splinting Procedures Cont…
Arm support: Arm Sling Arm support: Cravat Sling
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15. Immobilization/Splinting Procedures Cont…
A.Injuredelbow
immobilizedina
straightposition
B.Injuredelbow
immobilizedina
bentposition
A.Immobilizationof
aninjurytothe
forearm,wristor
hand
B.Fixationorrigid
splintwitha
sling
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Province of Lanaodel Norte

16. Immobilization/Splinting Procedures Cont…
A.Useoftongue
depressor
B.Use of
uninjuredfinger
usedasasplint
Immobilizingahiporthighfracture
withafixationsplint
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Province of Lanaodel Norte

17. Immobilization/Splinting Procedures Cont…
A.
B.
A.Splinted bended knee; B.An injured leg
can be splinted to the uninjured leg
Ablanketcanbeusedtosplintan
injuredankle.
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Province of Lanaodel Norte

18. MaterialsusedforImmobilization.
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19. End of Module 5
Thank you…