Module 6_Athletics.pptx.pdf

athletics

1. ATHLETICS
PE003
Individual and Dual
Sports
❑RUNNING
❑THROWING
❑JUMPING
Prof. Teejay D. Panganiban, LPT, MPES, DEM
Course Professor

2. ATHLETICS HISTORY
HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF ATHLETICS
❑ThetermAthlete,origininatedfrom2
GreekwordAthlos,andAthlonwhich
meansacontest,andprizewhich
boundedtogethertomaketheword.As
originwastold,themeaningofan
Athleteis“Onewhocompetesfora
prize”.

3. ATHLETICS HISTORY
❑Athleticsisagroupofsportthatembodies
running,jumping,throwingand
walking.Trackandfields,road
running,crosscountryrunningandrace
walkingwasthemostcommontypesof
Athleticcompetitions.Theresultsand
winnersaredecidedbythefinishing
positionandmeasurements.
HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF ATHLETICS

4. ATHLETICS HISTORY
HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF ATHLETICS
ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES

5. ATHLETICS HISTORY
HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF ATHLETICS
ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES

6. ATHLETICS HISTORY
HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF ATHLETICS
MIDDLE AGES
❑Awell-organizedamateurfootrace
washeldinEngland,during1825.
Later,in1861,theWestLondon
RowingClubhosted,thefirstopen
meettoallamateurs.TheAmateur
AthleticClub(AAC),wasfoundedin
1861.Theyorganisedthefirst
English Championship. The
AmateurAthleticClub(AAC),
yieldedthegoverningpowertothe
AmateurAthleticAssociation(AAA)
in1880andconducted,theFirst
AnnualAAAchampionship

7. ATHLETICS HISTORY
HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF ATHLETICS
MODERN GAMES

8. ATHLETICS HISTORY
HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF ATHLETICS
INTERNATIONAL ATHLETICS ASSOCIATION FEDERATION
❑An international
governing body, the
International Amateur
Athletic Federation
(IAAF) was founded in
1912; it adopted its
current name the
International
Association of Athletes
Federation in 2001.

9. ATHLETICS HISTORY
HISTORY AND ORIGIN OF ATHLETICS

10. ATHLETICS HISTORY
https://www.worldathletics.org/records/by-
category/world-records?fbclid=IwAR1za44dwDd-
r8AhzWGAj-
RwTCKletxcJFHOKuHjPdcWcwmxbyeK8T0Z7RM

11. ATHLETICS
1
2
3
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS

12. ATHLETICS
RUNNING

13. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS:
❑SPRINT
❑MIDDLE
DISTANCE
❑LONG DISTANCE
❑HURDLES
❑RELAYS

14. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑SPRINT
100 METERS,200 METERS AND 400 METERS
❑Starting blocks are a
device used in the sport of
track and field by sprint
athletes to brace their feet
against at the start of a
race so they do not slip as
they stride forwards at the
sound of the starter's
pistol.

15. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑SPRINT
100 METERS,200 METERS AND 400 METERS
STARTING PISTOL
ON YOUR MARKS, GET SET, GO!

16. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑SPRINT
100 METERS,200 METERS AND 400 METERS
RUNNING SHOES RUNNING ATTIRE

17. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS

18. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑SPRINT
100 METERS,200 METERS AND 400 METERS
100M
❑Theracestartswithacommand:"onyourmark"
followedby"set"andthenthegunisfired.
❑Therunnersaccelerateuptobetweenthe40mand
60mmarks,whentheyreachtopspeed.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HI5eV6fs8XI

19. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑SPRINT
100 METERS,200 METERS AND 400 METERS
200M
❑Inthe200mraces,runnersonlyuse92to93percentoftheir
maximumspeed.
❑Theyreachtheirhighestspeedbetweenthe100mand150m
marks.
❑Thetimeisregisteredwhentherunner'storso(chest)passes
thefinishline.
❑Thatisthereasonwhymostathleteslungeforwardwhenthey
approachthefinishline
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWZQAVtkMBo

20. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑SPRINT
100 METERS,200 METERS AND 400 METERS
400M
❑Intherace,aftertheaccelerationphase,itisimportantforthe
sprinterstoruninasrelaxedamodeaspossibleuptothe250-
300mmark,whenthelactidacidstartsbuildingup.
❑Fromthenon,theaimistoloseaslittleaspossible.
❑Thebestlanesare3,4,5and6.
❑Thebendsfortheathletesintheinnerlanesaretightwhilethosein
outerlanescan'tseetheircompetitors.
❑The400misalotaboutsprintenduranceandtherunnersundergo
alotoflacticacidtraininginordertocopewiththelast100mofthe
race.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zw3-C1nHNbk

21. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑MIDDLE
DISTANCE
800M
❑The athletes in the 800m run the first curve in separate lanes
and break after 100m to avoid crowding.
❑It's an advantage for an athlete to be drawnin one of the
outer lanes as they can choose which position they want to
take in the field.
❑The 800m is one of the most tactical races, where speed and
ability to handle lactic acid are the mostimportant strengths.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKEOjWEzVGs

22. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑MIDDLE
DISTANCE
1500M
❑Inthe1500m,tenacityandawell-developedsenseofstrategy
areimportantassetsbesidesspeedandendurance.
❑Thethirdlapbecomesthemostcriticallapandanyerrorfrom
hereonmaybehardtorectify.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQcTd4xZ44o

23. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑LONG
DISTANCE
3000M
❑Trulyontheborderlinebetweenmiddleandlongerdistances
the3000m(7.5laps)isaracethatrequiresdecentspeed,but
alackofnaturalquicknesscanbemadeupforwithsuperior
aerobicconditioningandsupportingracetactics.
❑Oneofthetoughesteventsforathletesasthebarriers
constantlyinterferewiththetempoofrunning.
❑A3000msteeplechasecomprises35barriers,fiveforeach
lapwithsevenwaterjumps(oneperlap).

24. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑LONG
DISTANCE
3000M
❑The barriers are 91.4cm high for men and 76.2cm for
women.
❑Each water jump is 3.66 metreslong and has the same width.
❑The deepest part of 70cm is closest to the barrier, with the
bottom sloping up towards the running level.
❑Each barrier weighs 80-100kg.
❑A lot of athletes place their feet on the water jump barrier so
as to provide an extra push over the water.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6VtnVnS7dI

25. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑LONG
DISTANCE
5000M
❑The 5000m includes 12.5 laps of the track.
❑Although this discipline has more of the character of a
middle distance, speed is as important a component as in any
race.
❑The training for 5000m is similar to the 1500m with many
5000m athletes competing regularly in the 1500m, but the
combination of 5000m and 10000m is preferred more by
athletes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GyBBtE3Az4

26. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑LONG
DISTANCE
10,000M
❑The10000misahighlytacticalracethatentailsfollowingthe
packforthefirst8000mto9000m.
❑Invariablyathletesleaveittothelastlapbeforetheystart
positioningthemselvesforthefinish
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjgGq3mBd2U

27. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑HURDLES
SteeplechaseWaterJump
❑Thesteeplechasewaterjumpconsists
ofahurdlemeasuring12feet(3.66m)
wideand3feet(91.4cm)high,
followedimmediatelybyawaterpit.
Thelengthofthewaterjump,from
thehurdletothefarendofthewater
pit,is12feet(3.66m).Thewaterpitis
27.5inches(70cm)deepattheend
closesttothehurdle,gradually
slopinguptotracklevelatthefar
end;it'slinedwithasyntheticsurface
thickenoughtoallowtherunners
spikestogrip.Atthestartoftherace,
thewaterlevelinthepitisevenwith
thetrack

28. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑HURDLES
ThehurdlesusedinOlympic
competitionconsistoftwofeetandtwo
uprightssupportingarectangularframe,
usuallymadeofmetal.Attachedtothe
topoftheframeisatopbar,madeof
woodorsomeothersuitablematerial.
Thewidthofthehurdleisbetween46.5
and47.25inches,andthehurdlemust
notweighlessthan22lbs.
Counterweightsareattachedtothebase
ofthehurdleandareadjustablesothat
ateachheight,aforceofatleast7.9lbs
andnotmorethan8.8lbsisrequiredto
overturnit.

29. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑HURDLES
Menrun110mwhilewomenrun100mhurdles.
❑Theheightofthehurdlesis106.7cmformenand83.8cmforwomen
(400m:91.4cmformenand76.2cmforwomen).
❑Thereare10hurdlesinallthethreeraces.
❑Technique:therunnerneedstopassasclosetothehurdlesaspossible,
becausearunnerlosesspeedintheair.
❑Themostimportantthingisforhurdlerstoquicklyfindtheiroptimal
runningfrequencyandforthemtomaintainaconstantcentreofgravity.
❑Inthe100m/110mracesmosthurdlerstakethreestridesbetweenthe
hurdlerswhileinthe400mracemosttake13stridesbetweenhurdles.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLEpqPW-sAA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KodDoAf3_Rg
400M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JD37yYSLiS0

30. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑RELAYS

31. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑RELAYS
4x100M
❑Therearefourrunnersineachteamandthreeexchanges.
❑Thereceiverofthebatonhasanaccelerationdistanceof10
metresbeforetheexchangezone,whichis20metreslong.
❑Thebatonmustbeexchangedwithintheexchangezone,
otherwisetheteamisdisqualified.
❑Therearetwocommontechniquesofbatonexchange.

32. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑RELAYS
4x100M
❑Anover-handexchangemeansthebatonis
exchangedfromabovethereceivingathlete.
❑Anunder-handexchangemeansthebatonis
deliveredfromunderneath.
❑Assoonasthereceivingathletestartsaccelerating,
he/shecannotseedeliveringrunnerssothe
techniquehastobeverydefinite.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3yLI9uMjXA

33. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑RELAYS
4x400M
❑Inthe4x400m,thefirstthreecurvesareruninseparate
lanes,meaningthewhole1stlegand1stcurveforthe
secondrunner.
❑Afterthistheybreaktotheinsideofthetrack.
❑Inpreparationforthe2ndand3rdexchangethereceivers
mustlineupinthesameorderastheteamsare200mbefore
theexchange.
❑Theexchangephaseischallengingasseveralteamsoften
exchangeatthesametime.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQIOyVQPd3I

34. ATHLETICS
THROWING

35. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS:
❑DISCUSS
❑JAVELIN
❑SHOT PUT
❑HAMMER THROW

36. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑TYPE OFDICUSS

37. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑TYPE OF DISCUS
CLUB
❑Madeofsolidwood,meantfor
allthrowers.
Training
❑Adjustableweights,meantfor
beginnerstostartlearningthe
throws.

38. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑TYPE OF DISCUS
TopFly
❑Madeofpolycarbonatefibers,
meantforprofessionals
Swift
❑IAAFcertifieddiscusdesigned
forworkoutsession.Comes
withgalvanizedsteelrimof
80%ofthetotalweightand
sideplatesmadefrom
Polycarbonatematerial.

39. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑TYPE OF DISCUS
Ultimate
❑Meantforseasonedand
professionalthrowers
Target
❑IAAFcertifieddiscusdesigned
forallthrowers.Comeswith
galvanizedsteelrimof70%of
thetotalweight.

40. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑TYPE OF DISCUS
Rubber
❑Madeofhighlydurablesolid
rubberthatgivesgoodgrip.
Meantfortrainingsessions.

41. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑DISCUS

42. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑DISCUS ATTIRE

43. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS:❑DISCUS

44. ATHLETICS
DISCUS THROW
❑Thethrowersstartingpositionintheringiswiththeirback
facingthedirectionofthethrow.
❑Thethrowerthenrotatesoneandhalftimes,acceleratingall
thewhilebeforedeliveringthethrow.
❑Whenthediscusleavesthehand,itcanbedoneeitherwitha
footswitch,whichmeansthatthethrowerswivelsaround
onemoretimeononelegafterthethrow.
❑Oritcanbewithoutafootswitch,whichmeansthatthe
throwerfinishesthethrowstandingstillonbothfeet.

45. ATHLETICS
DISCUS THROW
❑Thespeedofadiscusatthetimeofleavingthehandsofa
throwercanbeabout26m/sformenandalittleslowerfor
women.
❑Theweightofadiscusis2kgformenwithadiameterof
220mmwhileforwomenitweightsaround1kgwitha
diameterof181mm.
❑Theringismadeofconcreteandhasadiameterof250cm.
❑Thehammerandshotputringhaveasmallerdiameterof
214cm.

46. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑JAVELIN
Practice Javelin
❑Made of aluminum
alloy with a chromium
steel tip and cord grip.
Metallic paint finish.
Ideal for school use.

47. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑JAVELIN
Javelin Competition
❑Javelinsaredesignedto
provideamaximum
performanceevenifthe
lineofpowerapplicationis
notperfect.Thesejavelins
areverydurableandmuch
morelongerstraight
keeping.

48. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑JAVELIN

49. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS:❑JAVELIN

50. ATHLETICS
JAVELIN THROW
❑Therun-upismoreorlessthesameformenandwomen,25
to30meters.
❑Attheendofarun-up,themenattainaspeedof7.5m/s
whilethewomengainaspeedof6.5m/s.
❑Intermsoftechnique,themostimportantmovementfora
righthandthrowerisaquickstopwiththeleftfootanda
delayedarmmovementsoastogetthewholebodybehind
theJavelin.
❑Finallyadistinctblockingbytheleftsideofthebodyis
importanttogetasmuchenergyaspossiblebehindthe
javelin.

51. ATHLETICS
JAVELIN THROW
❑Atthetimeofthethrow,75-80percentofthespeedis
generatedinabout0.15seconds.
❑Thejavelinspeedincreasesfromabout30km/htocloseto
110km/h.
❑Forwomenthespeedincreasesfromabout28km/htoabout
95km/h.
❑Theweightofajavelinformenis800gmsanditslength
variesbetween260cmto270cm,whilethewomen'sjavelin
weightisaround60gmsandhasalengthof220-230cm

52. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑SHOT PUT
IndoorShotPuts
❑OurpremiumFirstPlaceindoor
shotputsareavailableinmany
weightsandsizes.Ourmost
popularisthe"TRUEGRIP"
INDOORSHOTPUT–ithasa
hardshellthatprovidesagood
grip,bouncesverylittle,and
maintainsitsshape."SOFT"
INDOORSHOTSaretough,
polyvinylplasticshotsthat
changeshapeanddon'tbounce.

53. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑SHOT PUT
OutdoorShotPuts
❑Westockavarietyof
outdoorshotputsin
manyweightsandsizes.
FIRSTPLACECASTIRON
SHOTSaredurable,
economical,legalfor
competition,andgreat
forpractice.

54. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑SHOT PUT ATTIRE

55. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑SHOT PUT
ThrowingShoes
❑Theyaredesigned
fortheDiscus,Shot
Put,andHammer

56. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑SHOT PUT
ToeBoards
❑Castaluminum,aluminum,
steel,andpolyethyleneshot
puttoeboards,featuring
FirstPlaceandUCS.Use4"
highshotputtoeboardsfor
levelcirclepads.

57. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS:❑SHOT PUT

58. ATHLETICS
SHOT PUT
❑Theglideandspintechniquesarewidelyusedonesinthe
shotput.
❑Whilemenusethespinandglidetechniqueequally,glide
techniqueisusedbynearlyeveryfemaleputter.
❑Whentheshotleavesaputter'shanditsspeedis
approximately14m/sforbothmenandwomen.
❑Theweightoftheshotformenis7.26kgwhilewomenusea
4kgshot.
❑Theshotputringhasaninnerdiameterof213-214cm

59. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑HAMMER THROW
Themen'shammerweighs
7.257kgandmeasures
121.5cminlength;the
women'shammerweighs
4kgandis119.5cmin
length.

60. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑HAMMER THROW
Thehammeriscomposedof
aball(competitionballsare
madeofturnedorstainless
steel),arotating(ball-
bearing)swivel,ahammer
wireandahandle,normally
aluminum,whichcanbe
straightorcurvedaccording
tothethrower’spreferences.

61. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS: ❑HAMMER THROW
Throwinggloves,madeof
softleathertoallowfor
optimumgrip,andshoes.
Theseneedtobestrongin
thesoleandsidestosustain
thethrower’sweightinthe
spin,withextrastrappingto
holdthefootfirmatthefore
endandallowforbetter
motioncontrolinthecircle.

62. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
THROWING EVENTS:❑HAMMER THROW

63. ATHLETICS
HAMMER THROW
❑Mostmenandwomentakefourturnsintheringbefore
unleashingthehammer.
❑Theweightofahammeris7.26kgformenand4kgfor
women.
❑Withthestring,itstotallengthcanbe117.5-121.5cmformen
and116.0-119.5forwomen.
❑Thethrowergeneratespowerineachturnandinthelastone,
theweightofthehammercambeequivalentto300kg.
❑Thisisaweightthatathrowermustbearonhisorherfinger
tips,moreorless.
❑Thediameteroftheringis214cm.

64. ATHLETICS
JUMPING

65. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS:
❑LONG JUMP
❑HIGH JUMP
❑TRIPLE JUMP
❑POLE VAULT

66. a
ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑LONG JUMP

67. a
ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑LONG JUMP

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ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑LONG JUMP

69. a
ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑LONG JUMP
❑The standard venue for the
long jump includes a runway
at least 40 meters (131 feet)
in length with no outer limit,
a takeoff board planted level
with the surface at least 1
meter (3.3 feet) from the end
of the runway, and a sand-
filled landing area at least
2.75 meters (9 feet) and no
more than 3 meters (9.8 feet)

70. a
ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑LONG JUMP
❑The measurement is taken from take-off line to
the nearest point of contact on the landing (back
of the heels). Record the longest distance
jumped, the best of three attempts.
❑The table below gives a rating scale for the
standing long jump test for adults, based on
personal experiences.
❑See some athlete results for the long jump test.
You can also use this calculator to convert cm to
feet and inches.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ee0_5M1wpaw

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ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑LONG JUMP

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ATHLETICS
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SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑RULES AND REGULATION
❑The number of trials varies depending
upon the number of competitors. If the
number of competitors is more than
eight, then each one will be given three
trials and best eight among them may be
given additional three trials. However, if
the number of competitors is less than
eight, then each may be given six trials.

73. a
ATHLETICS
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ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑LONG JUMP
❑If a competitor wishes, he can have some practice
trials before the beginning of the competition under
the supervision of judges. Once the competition has
begun, they are not allowed to use the competition or
take-off area.
❑If a competitor wishes, he can have some practice trials
before the beginning of the competition under the
supervision of judges. Once the competition has begun,
they are not allowed to use the competition or take-off
area.

74. a
ATHLETICS
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RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑LONG JUMP
❑Markers are provided by the organizing committee
to the players to mark their take-off and run off
points. No other substances like chalks should be
used which can leave indelible marks.
❑Soon after the athlete jumps, measurement is done
from the nearest point that has touched the take-off
point.
❑All measurements are done perpendicular to the take-off
point.
❑For the trial to be legal, the wind meter reading is also
important. It should show the parameters within the
required specific zone.

75. a
ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑LONG JUMP
❑The performer has to complete his jump within one minute.
❑If there is a tie between two players after scoring, chances
are given to them till the time one performs better than the
other and gain more points.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_-mBWT47_E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXIbLmlUdOQ

76. a
ATHLETICS
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RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑LONG JUMP
International Associations of Athletic Federation (IAAF) is
the governing body of high jump. Every participating
country has its own governing body to organize the long
jump competitions successfully throughout the calendar.
Here is a list of some important tournaments in Long
Jump:
❖Summer Olympics
❖World Championship
❖Asian Games
❖World indoor Championship
❖Commonwealth Games

77. ATHLETICS
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ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP
❑Pair of high jump stands with
T-base made of varnished
steel. Galvanized steel posts
featuring a metric scale for
adjusting the crossbar's
height up to 200 cm. Including
galvanized steel crossbar
supports.

78. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP
❑Pair of high jump stands with
T-base made of varnished
steel equipped with 3
adjustable rubber feet and a
level for perfect vertical
positioning. Galvanized and
varnished telescopic steel
posts featuring a metric scale
for adjusting the crossbar
height up to 250 cm.

79. ATHLETICS
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP
❑Pair of competition high
jump stands with T-base.
Completely made in
aluminium, telescopic
system with metric scale
for adjusting the crossbar
height up to 260 cm.
❑Pair of professional high
jump stands, height
telescopically adjustable
up to 265 cm, IAAF
approved for competition

80. ATHLETICS
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP
❑High jump crossbar made of
polyethylene foam tubes with total
length of 4 mt.Crossbar made by
gathering 20 cylinders having
diameter 30 mm (10 white, 10 black,
length 20 cm) and passing highly
resistant elastic through them. The
crossbar is retractable when touched
by athlete coming than back into its
original shape immediately.
❑Varnished aluminum
high jump crossbar,
circular section,
triangular ends, length 4
mt.

81. ATHLETICS
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SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP
❑Telescopic aluminum
height gauge for high
jump with mm-scale,
measuring up to 300
cm. Complete with
base, level and slider
cursor.

82. ATHLETICS
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ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP
❑High jump landing area. Interior made of
specially designed foam blocks to be
positioned once close to the other and a single
piece upper mat thickness 10 cm for the whole
surface. Blocks and upper mat are than
covered by weatherproof btexsynthetic
material with upper side made of netting anit-
spike material. Including extra waterproof
covering cap. Dimensions 400x300x50 cm.

83. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP

84. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP

85. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP
❑The participants can begin jumping at any
height which is announced by the judge, they
can also pass. They then have three attempts
to clear the height. If the height is cleared, they
can them attempt the next height, where they
will have three more attempts. Once the
jumper has three consecutive misses, they are
out of the competition and the highest height
they cleared is their result.

86. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP
❑Take-offmustbemadewithonefootonly.
❑Dislodgingofthebarorbreakingtheplanenearthe
edgeofthebarbeforeclearingwillnotbecountedas
successfuljump.
❑JumpingheightisdecidedbytheChiefJudge.Players
canacceptthechallengeormaypassit.
❑Ifthecompetitorfailstojumptherequiredheightin
threeconsecutiveattemptsthenhe/shewillbe
disqualifiedfromthecompetition.

87. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP
❑Duringthefinalmatch,whoeverclearsabove
thebarwithhighestheightisdeclaredas
winner.
❑Incasethereisatie,followingtwoconditions
maybeappliedtodecidethewinner.
❑Theplayerwhohasfewermissesatthe
heightatwhichthetiehasoccurred,is
declaredaswinner.
❑Theplayerwhohasfewestmissesinthe
overalltournamentisdeclaredaswinner.

88. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑HIGH JUMP
❑Thejumpershavetofaceajump-offif
therewillbeatieforafirstplace.
❑Theheightwillbegreaterthanthe
previouslevel.Eachplayerwillbegiven
onechanceforeachclearance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-xfX2SzAVk
https://youtu.be/zW87tVnDKIU

89. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑TRIPLE JUMP
Varnished sturdy wooden long
jump and triple jump board enamel
finish. Nr2 wooden insert boards
varnished in contrasting colour,
one of them having edges for
plasticine.

90. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑TRIPLE JUMP
Stainless steel long jump board
fitted with 4 floor anchors for a
perfect positioning. Wooden long
jump area, waterproof and
varnished including 2 extra insert
boards in contrasting colour, one
of them edged for plasticine.

91. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑TRIPLE JUMP
Galvanized steel box for
take-off board.
Sturdy wooden take-off board
for long and triple jump with
stainless steel box and
accessories, IAAF approved
for competition

92. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑TRIPLE JUMP
Pair of take-off marker
made in varnished steel
white colourwhit black
band.
Galvanized steel sand
box to mark athlete’s
footprint, complete with
handles.

93. ATHLETICS
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑TRIPLE JUMP
Galvanized steel
rake for sandbox. Steel coated trowel to fill mould.

94. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑TRIPLE JUMP

95. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑TRIPPLE JUMP

96. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑TRIPLE JUMP
❑The measurement is taken from the take-off
line to the nearest point of contact on the
landing (back of the heels). If they fall
backwards, the point of contact closest to the
take-off is measured. Record the longest
distance jumped, the best of three attempts.
The Olympic record for this event is 10.58m
set by Ray Ewry(USA) in 1900. Anything over
10m is excellent, 11m is elite.

97. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑TRIPLE JUMP
❑Start the jump before the board. If they
go over the foul line on the take-off
board, the attempt will be discarded as
a foul.
❑When jumping, the athlete must land on
the same foot used to take-off (Hop).
❑During the second phase, the athlete
must land on the opposing foot and
initiate the third phase of the jump.

98. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑TRIPLE JUMP
❑The athlete can land in the sand.
❑The measured distance will be
measured from the closest mark in
the sand to the take-off point.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOqOtiL7m6A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rmb48a2t008

99. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑POLE VAULT

100. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑POLE VAULT

101. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
2
SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑POLE VAULT

102. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
2
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑POLE VAULT
❑The winner is the athlete to successfully clear
the highest bar height. The athlete can choose
which height they would like to start. They then
have three attempts to clear the height. If the
height is cleared, they can them attempt the
next height, where they will have three more
attempts. Once the vaulter has three
consecutive misses, they are out of the
competition and the highest height they
cleared is their result.

103. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑POLE VAULT
General Rules
❑Onthescoringform,itismandatorytomentionthe
weightoftheathletenexttohisname.
❑Atanyparticularheight,maximumthreetrialsare
allowed.
❑Afterthreeconsecutivefailuresintrial,theathlete
isautomaticallyremovedfromthetournament.
❑Aftertakingthefirstattempt,itisadvisedtotake
secondandthirdconsecutiveattemptsatthesame
height.

104. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑POLE VAULT
Trial Time Limitation Rules
Trialtimelimitationrulesareasfollows−
❑Anathletehastoperformwithintwominutesof
callinghisname.
❑Incasethreecompetitorsarethere,awindowgap
offourminutesisallowedandincaseoneis
remaining,amaxofsixminutesofwindowgap
canbeallocatedtoperform.
❑Incasethereisatiebetweentwopersonsfora
sameheight,thentheathletehavinglessnumber
ofattemptsisdeclaredaswinner.

105. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑POLE VAULTRules regarding Competitions
❑Noartificialweightsoraidareallowedtobe
usedinthecompetition.
❑Usingshoesthatcangiveunfairadvantageto
anathleteisstrictlyprohibited.
❑Unlessthereisawound,notappingis
allowedonanypartofthefingers.However,
tappingatthewristisallowed.
❑Withoutthepermission,noathleteisallowed
tousethepoleofanyothercompetitor.
❑Plantingboxmustbecheckedproperlyto
makesurethatitisfreefromanyforeign
substance.

106. ATHLETICS
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑POLE VAULT
Rules regarding Foul
AfoulinPoleVaultiscausedduetoanyofthe
followingreasons−
❑Displacingthecrossbarfromitsoriginalposition
withthehelpofpoleorathlete’sbody.
❑Failingtocrossthecrossbarafterbeingliftedup
fromtheground.
❑Withoutclearingthebar,touchinganypartof
groundorlandingpartwitheitherbodyorpole.
❑Incorrectuprightpositionduringtheclearanceof
crossbar.
❑Displacethecrossbarbyconnectinganupright
aftertheclearance.

107. ATHLETICS
TRACK AND FIELD
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SKILLS AND EQUIPMENT
SCORING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ATHLETICS
JUMPING EVENTS: ❑POLE VAULT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skIXURPUDdk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVVeH7QMIZQ