Momentum and Impulse _ Grade 9 Science Quarter 4 Week 3 Lesson (1).pptx

Momentum and Impulse

1. M O M E N T U M A N D IMPULSE P r e s e n t e d b y : A L I C E R . G A R G A N I A N

2. L e a r n i n g O b j e c t i v e At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to: Define and identify the factors that affects m o m e n t u m a n d i m p u l s e ; Relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects (e.g., vehicular collision) [S9FE - IVb -36] and; A pp r e c i a t e t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e c a u s e s a n d e ff e c t s o f c o ll i s i o n - r e l a t e d d a m a g e s / i n j u r i e s b y c i t i n g r e a l l i f e s i t u a t i o n s .

3. What will happen to the ball if it h i t s t h e b o a r d i n s t e a d o f i n s i d e t h e ring?

4. SPEED - a d s + - d The rate of motion; act or state of moving.

5. - as + lo + The rate of change of position along a s t r a i g h t l i n e w i t h r e s p e c t o f t i m e . VELOCITY

6. The rate of change of position along a s t r a i g h t l i n e w i t h r e s p e c t o f t i m e . - s k + - L - c e l b ACCELERATION

7. M A S S - p + - g r a T h e p r o p e r t y o f a b o d y t h a t i s a m e a s u r e o f t h e amount of material it contains and causes it to have weight in a gravitational field.

8. - r y - m y + - g M O M E N T U M is a quantity that describes an object's resistance to stopping (a kind of "moving inertia").

9. - S + - L + - A IMPULSE is a quantity that describes the effect of a net force acting on an object (a kind of "moving force").

10. Let's assume there's a car speeding toward you, out of control without its brakes, at a s p ee d o f 2 7 m / s ( 6 m p h ) . C a n y o u s t o p i t b y s t a n d i n g i n f r o n t o f i t a n d h o l d i n g o u t y o u r hand?

11. Unless you're Superman, you probably don't want to t r y s t o pp i n g a m o v i n g c a r b y h o l d i n g o u t y o u r h a n d . I t ' s t o o b i g , a n d i t ' s m o v i n g w a y t o o f a s t .

12. H o w a b o u t i f y o u b u m p e d t o a n o t h e r p l a y e r b i gg e r t h a n y o u ?

13. T h i n g s w e n ee d t o c o n s i d e r i n d e f i n i n g m o m e n t u m & The o b j e c t h a s a mass The o b j e c t i s moving A n y m o v i n g o b j e c t w i t h a q u a n t i t y o f m a tt e r h a s m o m e n t u m .

14. Where: p is the momentum in kilogram meter per second (kg.m/s) m i s t h e m a s s o f t h e m o v i n g o b j e c t i n k i l o g r a m ( k g ) v refers to velocity of the moving object in meter per s e c o n d ( m / s ) M a t h e m a t i c a ll y i t i s e x p r e ss e d a s : P = m x v

15. W h a t i s t h e m o m e n t u m of a 22 - k g c a r t w h i c h t r a v e l s a t 1 . 2 m / s ? Given: m a ss ( m ) - 22 k g v e l o c i t y ( v ) - 1. 2 m / s m o m e n t u m ( p ) - ? F o r m u l a : p = m v

16. W h a t i s t h e m o m e n t u m of a 22 - k g c a r t w h i c h t r a v e l s a t 1 . 2 m / s ? S o l u t i o n : p = m v p = ( 22 k g ) ( 1. 2 m / s ) p = 2 6 . 4 k g . m / s

17. W h a t i s t h e m o m e n t u m o f a n o b j e c t t h a t i s n o t m o v i n g ? I f a n y o b j e c t o f a n y m a s s i s n o t m o v i n g , i t h a s z e r o m o m e n t u m s i n c e i t s v e l o c i t y i s z e r o .

18. What do you think will happen to the bus after if it passes along a curvy road? I t w i l l s l o w d o w n I t w i l l s p ee d u p I t s v e l o c i t y w i l l s p ee d u p

19. H o w w i l l y o u d e s c r i b e t h e v e l o c i t y o f t h e b u s ?

20. W h a t c a n y o u s a y a b o u t t h e m a s s o f t h e b u s ? I t i n c r e a s e s I t d e c r e a s e s I t d o e s n o t c h a n g e a t a l l

21. When the object slows down or moves faster, its velocity decreases or increases. If there i s a c h a n g e i n t h e v e l o c i t y o r t h e mass of an object, there is also a change in momentum. And that change in momentum is called IMPULSE.

22. I m p u l s e = c h a n g e i n m o m e n t u m F o r c e i s n ee d e d t o c h a n g e t h e m o m e n t u m o f t h e b o d y . T h i s f o r c e ( F ) m u l t i p l i e d b y t h e t i m e o f c o n t a c t ( t ) i s k n o w n a s I M P U L S E ( I ) . ( I = F t ) I = F t = m v I = Δ P ( p = m v ) T h e S I u n i t f o r m o m e n t u m ( p ) a n d i m p u l s e ( I ) i s newton-second (Ns) or kilogram-meter per s e c o n d ( k g . m / s ) B o d i e s c h a n g e t h e i r m o m e n t u m t h r o u g h collisions.

23. S a m p l e P r o b l e m 2 : An offensive player passes a football of mass . 4 2 k g w i t h a v e l o c i t y o f 2 5 . m / s d u e s o u t h . I f the player is in contact with the ball for 0.050 s , w h a t i s t h e m a g n i t u d e o f t h e a v e r a g e f o r c e h e e x e r t s ? G i v e n : F o r m u l a : F t = m v m a ss ( m ) - . 4 2 k g v e l o c i t y ( v ) - 2 5 . m / s , s o u t h t i m e ( t ) - . 5 s f o r c e ( F ) - ?

24. T h e f o r c e o f i m p a c t i s d i r e c t l y p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e m o m e n t u m o f t h e b o d y a n d i n v e r s e l y p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e t i m e o f c o n t a c t .

25. T h e i m p a c t f o r c e c o u l d b e d e c r e a s e d b y e x t e n d i n g t h e t i m e c o n t a c t

26. It decreases the impact force by increasing the t i m e o f c o n t a c t .

27. W h a t d o y o u t h i n k i s t h e i m p u l s e o f a n o b j e c t m o v i n g w i t h c o n s t a n t m o m e n t u m ? c o n s t a n t - n o c h a n g e There is no impulse or zero impulse for o b j e c t s m o v i n g w i t h c o n s t a n t m o m e n t u m .

28. A n y m o v i n g o b j e c t h a s m o m e n t u m p = m v I m p u l s e i s t h e c h a n g e i n m o m e n t u m o f a m o v i n g o b j e c t . I = F t = m v

29. What will happen to a moving object if it collides with a n o t h e r o b j e c t ?

30. S c e n a r i o # 1 : S u pp o s e y o u a r e p l a y i n g b i ll i a r d . T h e c u e b a l l a n d b a l l # 1 a r e i n i t i a ll y a t r e s t . T h e n y o u use the tako to hit b a l l # 1 .

31. A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s : What did you observe on the m a s s o f t h e cu e b a l l b e f o r e a n d a f t e r c o ll i s i o n ? H o w a b o u t b a l l #1? T h e r e i s n o c h a n g e i n m a ss . S i n c e i t i s i n i t i a ll y a t r e s t , w h a t are the initial velocities of the balls? Zero After collision, is there a change in velocity of the cue ball? b a l l # 1 ? Yes

32. Answer the following questions: 4. Is there a change in momentum o f t h e c u e b a l l a n d b a l l # 1 ? W h y ? Y e s b e c a u s e t h e r e i s a c h a n g e i n t h e v e l o c i t y o f t h e c u e b a l l a n d b a l l # 1 . S i n ce t h e c u e b a l l a n d b a l l # 1 h a v e a change in velocity after collision, then both balls have a change in momentum. In collision, an object that experiences a greater change in m o m e n tu m h a s a g r e a t e r i m p u l s e

33. Therefore, this shows the r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w ee n momentum and impulse. A change in momentum is e q u a l t o i m p u l s e .

34. Which of the two cars has the greater c h a n g e o f v e l o c i t y ? C a r A

35. 2 . W h i c h c a r h a s t h e g r e a t e r c h a n g e i n m o m e n t u m ? E x p l a i n y o u r a n s w e r . C a r A , b e c a u s e i t t r a v e l s f a s t e r t h a n C a r B t h e r e f o r e i t h a s g r e a t e r v e l o c i t y .

36. 3 . W h i c h c a r h a s t h e g r e a t e r i m p u l s e ? Car A, because it has greater change in momentum.

37. ASSESSMENT D i r e c t i o n s . I n a ½ c r o ss w i s e , a pp l y t h e m o m e n t u m the missing values in f o r m u l a ( p = m v ) t o d e t e r m i n e e a c h i t e m . A . M o m e n t u m 1 . p = 2 k g · m / s ; v = ? ; m = 5 k g 2 . p = ? ; v = 2 5 m / s ; m = 1 5 k g 3 . p = 6 k g · m / s ; v = 3 m / s ; m = ? 4 . p = 2 5 k g · m / s ; v = ? ; m = 1 5 k g 5 . p = 1 00 k g · m / s ; v = 5 m / s ; m = ?

38. B . I m p u l s e Show the complete solution to each of the problem below. You apply a force of 50 Newtons to an object for a duration of 2 seconds. Calculate the impulse and the resulting change in momentum. If an object experiences an impulse of 300 N · s, and the force applied to it is 75 Newtons, how long did the force act on the object? A car experiences an impulse of 5000 N · s during a collision, and the collision lasts for 0.2 seconds. Calculate the average force exerted on the car during the collision. You want to launch a rocket into space, and you need to apply a force of 200,000 Newtons for a duration of 120 seconds to achieve the necessary impulse. Calculate the impulse and the resulting change in momentum. A bullet weighing 24.0g strikes a big tree with a velocity of 510. If the bullet comes to a stop after travelling 6.00cm inside the tree, what is the average force exerted by the tree on the bullet?

39. ASSIGNMENT Part 1. Answer and explain the following. B e g i n b y d e f i n i n g m o m e n t u m a n d i m p u l s e i n y o u r o w n w o r d s . E x p l a i n t h e d i ff e r e n c e b e t w ee n m o m e n t u m a n d i m p u l s e . P r o v i d e a r e a l - w o r l d e x a m p l e t h a t illustrates the concept of momentum.

40. ASSIGNMENT P a r t 2 . S o l v e t h e f o ll o w i n g p r o b l e m s : C a l cu l a t e t h e m o m e n t u m o f a n o b j e c t w i t h a m a s s o f 3 k g a n d a v e l o c i t y o f 1 m / s . Calculate the impulse experienced by a 1500 N force acting on an object for 4 seconds. A s o cc e r b a l l h a s a m a s s o f . 4 k g a n d i s k i c k e d w i t h a v e l o c i t y o f 1 6 m / s . C a l cu l a t e i t s momentum.

41. P a r t 3 . R e a l - W o r l d A pp l i c a t i o n s Research and describe one real-world application where the understanding of momentum and impulse is crucial. Explain how these concepts are utilized in that application.

42. S u b m i ss i o n G u i d e l i n e s O r g a n i z e y o u r a ss i g n m e n t n e a t l y i n a document. C l e a r l y l a b e l e a c h p a r t ( P a r t 1 , P a r t 2 , P a r t 3 ) . Show all calculations and provide explanations w h e r e n e c e ss a r y . Include any additional resources or references y o u u s e d f o r r e s e a r c h . Submit your assignment by [insert submission m e t h o d a n d d e a d l i n e ] .