Monarchs of Europe English Social Studies.ppt

The Monarchs of Europe

1. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1

2. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
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3. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1

4. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
Reading Focus
•What challenges did King Charles I face when he became
Emperor Charles V?
•What were some artistic achievements of Spain’s golden age?
•How did Spain rise and then decline under Philip II?
Main Idea
Spain experienced a golden age during the 1500s, but economic
problems and military struggles decreased Spanish power by the
1600s.
The Power of Spain

5. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
When Charles became king of Spain, he inherited the Low Countries
of Belgium and the Netherlands, along with colonies in the Americas.
•1519, throne of Holy Roman
Empire became vacant
•Position elective; Charles
borrowed money to buy votes
•Became Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V
–Holdings expanded to parts
of Italy, Austria, various
German states
–So vast ‘the sun never set”
over it
Emperor Charles V
•Ruling vast territories not easy
task for Charles
•Faced enemies on all sides—
Ottoman Turks, French,
rebellious German princes
•Also fought for religious control
over Europe
•Wanted Europe to be Roman
Catholic
•Growing Protestant movement
threatened influence
Enemies Everywhere
Charles V and the Empire

6. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
Peace
•Agreement gave each German prince right to decide if his state
would be Catholic or Protestant
•Charles’ vision of a Catholic Europe never became reality
•Constant warfare also brought Charles to brink of bankruptcy
Confrontation
•1521, Charles confronted Protestant leader Martin Luther directly
•In spite of Charles’ efforts, Protestants gained influence
•Rebellions against Catholic rulers spread
•After years of warfare, Charles V had to sign Peace of Augsburg

7. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
•Brother took over
Hapsburg holdings in
Austria
•Son, Philip II, ruled
Netherlands, Spain, Sicily,
Spain’s colonies
•Charles V moved to
monastery, dream of
unified empire unfulfilled
Imposing Their Will
•Frustrated by failures in
Europe
•1556, Charles V gave up
thrones
•Decided to divide large
empire
•Split between his brother
and his son
Relinquished Thrones
Dividing the Empire

8. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
Draw Conclusions
In what ways was Charles V successful as
an emperor? In what ways was he
unsuccessful?
Answer(s): successful—exploration of the
Americas, which brought fabulous wealth to
Spain; unsuccessful—did not maintain religious
control over Europe; constant wars brought
financial problems

9. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
•Spain at peak of grandeur with reign of Philip II
•One reason—stream of gold and silver from colonies in Americas
•With wealth came power—but gold could not solve Spain’s
problems
•King Philip II devout
Catholic
•Saw himself as leader
of Counter-
Reformation
•Marriage to Queen
Mary I of England
chance to spread
Catholicism
Religion and Revolt
•Mary died before
having heir to return
England to Catholic
faith
•Philip also wanted to
secure position of
Catholicism in
European territories
Catholicism in
Territories
•Philip’s faith clashed
with Calvinist
Protestantism of
northern Low Country
provinces
•1560s, bloody revolt
began
Revolt in the Low
Countries
Spain under Philip II

10. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
Dutch Revolt
Dutch refused to declare allegiance to Philip
•To punish, Philip sent army under command of Duke
of Alba
•Alba set up court
–Known locally as Court of Blood
–Tortured, executed thousands suspected of being rebels
–Cruelties made situation worse; rebellion broke out anew
•Revolt dragged on for decades
•1609, truce reached
•Seven northern provinces formed independent nation,
the Netherlands
•Southern provinces remained in Spanish hands

11. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
English Aid to Dutch
•Dutch revolt deepened another rivalry, between Spain, England
•As fellow Protestants, England sent aid to Dutch rebels
•England’s assistance to Dutch infuriated Philip
Invasion Planned
•King Philip II wanted to stop England from raiding ships, return England to
Catholic Church
•Decided to invade England
Attacks on Spanish Ships
•Philip also worried about English attacks on his ships
•England’s Queen Elizabeth I allowed ship captains to attack Spanish
treasure ships, steal gold, silver for England
Spain and England

12. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
•Philip ordered navy to assemble great fleet, the Spanish Armada
•Totaled about 130 ships, 20,000 soldiers, sailors
•1588, invincible fleet sailed into English channel
•Queen Elizabeth I rallied troops and prepared for attack
•Spanish packed ships with
soldiers for land invasion
•Also planned to be joined by
Spanish forces in Netherlands
•Faced fierce naval battles that
severely damaged fleet
Naval Battles
•English aimed eight fire ships at
remaining ships of Armada
•Spanish ships fled in panic,
disarray
•As damaged ships made way
home, several were wrecked
Armada Not Invincible
Philip’s Armada

13. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
Relying on traditional agricultural economy, Spain’s economy lagged
behind that of other countries. Spain declined as a major power.
•The defeat of the Armada was not the end for Spain, which
recovered from the loss.
•But England remained Protestant, defiant, and undefeated.
•Spain’s real problems internal
•Philip’s government centralized
•He trusted no one
•Court riddled by factions,
suspicion
•Government action practically
came to standstill
Internal Problems
An Empire in Decline
•Philip spent wealth from
Americas on constant warfare
•Borrowed money often; went
bankrupt four times
•Prices driven up, inflation
•Spain did not develop industries
Americans Join the Battle

14. The Monarchs of Europe Section 1
Recall
What were two events that caused problems
for Spain?
Answer(s): revolt in the Netherlands; defeat of
the Spanish Armada