MONERAppt-1.pptx

Monera
Characters of Monera
Bacteria
Structure of bacteria
Bacterial shape
Archeobacteria
Eubacteria
Cyanobacteria
Actinomyces

1. MONERA Single cell No nucleus Prokaryotic Simplest kind of living thing. They are uni-cellular. They reproduce a sexually by binary fission or brandding. The cell wall is rigid. They made up of peptidaglycan. They contam tos ribosomes. They are found in hot spring snow deep ocesn etc. Tey are environmental decomposers. They show differental mode of outotrophic, parasatic, heterotrophic.

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF MONERA The Monerans are unicellular organisms. They contain 70S ribosomes. The DNA is naked and is not bound by a nuclear membrane. It lacks organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, plastids, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, centrosome, etc. They reproduce asexually by binary fission or budding.

3. BACTERIA Envolutionary history Found roughly 3.2-3.5 billion years ago. Kingdome monera. Prokaryote=no nucleus or internal compartments. All are single cells. Single circular piece of DNA

4. STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA

5. BACTERIAL SHAPE Bacteria possess the following different shapes: Cocci - Bacteria are spherical or oval in shape. Bacilli - These are rod-shaped bacteria with or without flagella. Vibrios - These are comma or kidney-shaped small bacteria with flagella at one end. Spirillum - These are spiral or coiled shaped. Filament - The body consists of small filaments like fungal mycelia. Stalked - The bacterium possesses a stalk. Budded – The body of the bacterium is swollen at places.

6. ARCHAEBACTERIA They belong to the kingdom Monera. Archaebacteria are known to be the oldest living organisms on Earth. They are mainly unicellular. Peptidoglycan is not present in the cell wall and is made up of protein. Archaea have rigid cell walls with diverse structures.

7. EUBACTERIA Eubacteria are also known as “true bacteria”. The cell wall is rigid and made up of peptidoglycans. It moves with the help of flagella. A few bacteria contain short appendages on the cell surface. They are divided into two categories; gram-positive and gramnegative Rhizobium and Clostridium are two eubacteria.

8. CYANOBACTERIA These are also known as blue-green algae. These bacteria are photosynthetic in nature. They contain chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins. They are found in the aquatic region. Some of these even fix atmospheric nitrogen. Nostoc, Anabaena, Spirulina are some cyanobacteria.

9. ACTINOMYCES These are the organisms with charactoristics common to both bacteria and fungi. They are unicellular like bacteria. They do not have distinct cell-wall. Their cell wall is without chitin and cellulose. Actinomycetes colonies grow slowly. Actinomycetes are numerous and widely distributed in soil and are next to bacteria in abundance.

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