Monkeypox outbreak BY DIREDAWA UNIVERSITY .pptx

MOKEYPOX

1. Monkeypox outbreak

2. Introduction The global outbreak of monkeypox in May 2022 marked a significant public health emergency. This viral disease, traditionally confined to specific ecological areas, began spreading rapidly across continents. By August 2023, the outbreak had affected 113 countries with nearly 90,000 cases and 152 deaths reported. In Africa, particularly the Democratic Republic of Congo, experiencing a significant burden. also noted in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific regions.

3. Epidemiology of outbreak Geographic Spread The virus was reported in 113 countries with a high concentration in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific Demographic Trend Most cases occurred in man aged 19-59 years. A higher proportion of women and children were affected in Africa. A significant portion of cases identified as gay, bisexual, or men who have sex with men

4. Transmission and Impact Transmission Modes Initially known as a zoonotic disease. sustained human-to-human transmission was observed, particularly through sexual contact Impact on Vulnerable Populations High impact on marginalized groups including individuals living with HIV

5. Global Response to the Outbreak The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern in July 2022, immediate actions comprised establishing global surveillance, issuing prevention and control guidance, facilitating research, and mobilizing resources. Training of healthcare workers, enhancement of Laboratory capacities, and combating misinformation and stigma were pivotal in the response

6. Challenges and Ongoing Issues Funding Gaps WHO's funding appeal received inadequate support highlighting a critical resource shortage for response efforts Sustained Challenges Despite a decline cases by early 2023 issues such as surveillance sustainability, vaccine access, and understanding the outbreak's origins persisted

7. Long-term Management and Recommendations Temporary recommendations were issued under the International Health Regulations (2005) from July 2022 to May 2023. By August 2023, standing recommendations were established to manage monkeypox long-term.

8. Conclusion: Lessons and Future Directions The monkeypox outbreak of 2022-2023 underscored the importance of global health interconnectedness and the need for coordinated, sustained efforts in preparedness and response mechanisms. While significant strides have been made the ongoing challenges highlight the necessity for continued vigilance and investment.