monoploidy definition and application of monoploidy in agriculture

definition of monoploidy, application of monoploidy and differences between diploid and polyploid. here there are some pictures of monoploidy application.

1. MONOPLOIDY
AG/AT/2016/4283
JAVUNDIRARASA PIRUNTHA
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2. MONOPLOIDY
•Plants that contain one half the normal number of
chromosomes is a monoploid and exhibits monoploidy.

• Plants contain one set of chromosomes.

•This is kind of aneuploidy, In which there is abnormality of
one chromosome.

•If the original plant was diploid(2n), the haploid cells are
monoploid(x ). Therefore n=x.

•But monoploid cell are differ from haploid cell.

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3. APPLICATIONS OF MONOPLOIDY IN
AGRICULTURE
•Diploidy is an inherent nuisance to
induce and select new gene
mutations that are favorable and to
find new combinations of favorable
alleles at different loci.
•New recessive mutations cannot be
detected unless they are
homozygous. Favorable alleles
combination in heterozygotes can be
broken up by meiosis.

Problems
in
Diploidy
Monoploids provide a away around
some of these problems
Solution
Problems
in
Diploidy
Solution
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4. •In some plant species monoploids can be artificially derived
from the products of meiosis in plants anthers.
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6. •A cell destined to become a pollen grain can instead be induced
by cold treatment to grow into an embryoid a small dividing
mass of monoploid cell.

•The embryoid can be grown on Agar to form a monoploid
plantlets, which can then be potted in soil and allow to mature.

•Generating monoploid plants by tissue culture pollen grains
(haploid) are treated so that they will grow into monoploid
plantlets.

•After begin moved to a medium containing different plants
hormones, these plantlets will grow into mature monoploid
plants with roots, stems, leaves and flowers.
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7. •Colchicine (which inhibits mitotic spindle formation)
allows chromosome number to double, producing
completely homozygous diploid breeding lines.

•Mutant genes are easily identified in monoploid organism.
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•treat monoploid cells basically as a population of haploid
organisms in a mutagenesis and selection procedure.

•A population of monoploid cells are isolated, there walls are
removed by enzymatic treatment, and they are treated with
mutagen.

•They are then plated on a medium that selects for some
desirable phenotype.

•This approach has been used to select for resistance to toxic
compounds produced by one of the plant’s parasites, as well as
to select for resistance to herbicides being used by farmers to
kill weeds.

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•Resistant plantlets eventually grow into haploid plants, which
can then be doubled (by using colchicine) into a pure-
breeding, diploid, resistant type.

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DIPLOIDY VS POLYPLOIDY

11. Diploidy

•Has two homologous sets of
chromosomes are present.



•Denoted by 2n


•Less important in plant
speciation and diversification.











Polyploidy

•More than two homologous
sets of chromosomes are
present.

•Denoted by 3n, 4n, 5n, 6n, 8n,
10n, 12n

•Play an important role in plant
speciation and diversification.
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12. •Same effect as previous.



•Small size of flowers and
fruits.

•High reproductive fertility.

•Less resistance to biotic (pest
& pathogen) and abiotic (cold
& drought etc.)


•Higher seed germination &
emergence.
























•More vigorous effects.
(vigorous invaders of new
habitat)

•Large size of flowers and
fruits.

•Low reproductive fertility.

•Polyploid genotype have
shown resistance to biotic
(pest & pathogen) and abiotic
(cold & drought etc.)

•Lower seed germination &
emergence.


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13. •Higher photosynthetic
capacity.

•Lower water content & low
organic solutes.

•Have less advantages.




















•Lower photosynthetic
capacity.

•Higher water content & low
organic solutes.

•Have many advantages and
most prefer.

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REFERENCES

•https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
•https://en.m.wikipedia.org
•https://www.slideshare.net
•https://link.sprinkler.com

18. THANK YOU
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