montane forests class 9 geo

All you need to know about montane forests in detail

1. MONTANE FORESTS

2. Natural vegetation refers to a plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time . It is also called virgin vegetation.

3. MAJOR Vegetations of India Tropical Evergreen Tropical Deciduous Tropical Thorn Montane Mangrove Scrubs

4. Montane Forests Montane Forests are ecosystems which refer to any ecosystem found in mountains. They are dense forests and are highly affected by the climate which gets colder as the elevation increases. At higher elevations, the climate is harsher, with lower temperatures and higher winds, preventing the growth of trees and at lower elevations, the climate is normal, with moderate temperatures. In these areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to the corresponding change in natural vegetation.

5. This is how the vegetation of these forests is there as altitude increases……………

6. Wet Temperate Forests (1000 - 2000 m elevation ) The wet temperate type of forests are found between a height of 1000 and 2000 metres . Evergreen – broad leaf trees, such as oaks and chestnuts predominate . Oaks Chestnuts

7. Temperate Forests (1500 - 3000m elevation VEGETATION: Temperate forests containing coniferous trees, like pine, deodar, silver fir, spruce and cedar, are found.  LOCATION: These forests cover mostly the southern slopes of the Himalayas, places having high altitude in southern and north-east India. RAINFALL: The annual rainfall varies from 150 cm to 250 cm. USES: Fine wood is provided by them which is of great use for timber, construction and sleepers of railways. Oaks, laurels, rhododendrons and some kinds of bamboos are also found in these forests. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA .

8. Alpine Forests (3000 - 3600m elevation) Alpine forests are found between 3000 - 3600 m elevation, The temperate forests and grasslands give way to the alpine vegetation. Here the south-west monsoon is very feeble, and the rainfall is below 100 cm. These forests are characterised by the trees like silver fir, junipers, pines and birches. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND S ilver Fir Junipers Pine Birches

9. Alpine Grasslands (Above 3600m elevation) The Alpine-steppe is a high altitude natural alpine grassland, which is a part of the Montane grasslands and shrublands biome. The alpine forests through shrubs and scrubs merge into the Alpine grasslands. These grasslands are used mainly for grazing by nomadic tribes like Gujjars and Bakarwals.

10. Shrubs and Scrubs Shrubs are perennial woody plants, and therefore have persistent woody stem above ground. Usually, shrubs are distinguished from trees by their height and multiple stems. Some shrubs are deciduous and others evergreen. Scrubs are the trees which are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil to get moisture. Its leaves are mostly thick and small to minimise evaporation.

11. Tundra Vegetation (Snow cap elevation) As me move higher the mountains started being covered by snow. The trees started getting low in number as they touch the snow line. Mosses and lichens form part of tundra vegetation. Lichens are aren’t plants at all. They are abundant growing on bark, leaves, mosses on other lichens and hanging from branches. They grow on rocks, exposed soil surface, rubber, bones etc. Mosses produce spores for reproduction instead of seeds and don’t grow flowers, wood or true roots and all species of moss have rhizoids.

12. Vid e o Links https://youtu.be/byUxC6H5J6I https://youtu.be/AvDnpUpFbkk https://youtu.be/1GgL5SV6k_I

13.  MADE BY – Kanupriya Garg Kavya Goel Keshav Sharma Kiara Kharbanda Kushagra Tiwari Madhav Singhal