Moral and Non moral Standard: Concept and Perspective

Moral And Non Moral Standard: Concept and Perspective

1. Moral and Non-moral Standard: Concept and Perspective Ethics Bse-2 Domingo, Jamaica Garampil , marriane claire Cabbab , john michael

2. Why we need to distinguish moral and non-moral standards ones? It is important to note that different people of societies have different moral beliefs and that our beliefs are deeply influenced by our own culture and context . For this reason, some values do have moral implications, while others don’t. Now the danger here is that one culture may impose its own culture standard on others , which may result in a clash in cultural values and beliefs . When this happens, as we may already know, violence and crime may ensue, such as religious violence and ethics cleansing .

3. Moral Standard Moral standard are norms that individuals or group have about the kinds of actions believed to be morally right or wrong , as well as values placed on what we believed to be morally good or morally bad. Moral standard normally promotes” good”, that is the welfare and well-being of humans as well as animals and the environment . Moral standards, therefore, prescribe what human ought to do in terms of right and obligation. Moral standards core from: Family-Friends-School-Medias.

4. Characteristics of Moral standards Moral standards deal with matters we think can seriously injure or benefit humans, animals, and the environment , such as (child abuse, theft, murder). Moral standards are not established or changed by decisions of authoritative individuals or bodies. Indeed, moral standards rest on adequacy of the reason that are taken to support and justify them . Moral standards are overriding , that is, they take precedence over other standards and considerations, especially of self-interest. Moral standards are based on impartial considerations . Hence, moral standards are fair and just . Moral standards are associated with special emotion (such as guilt and shame) and vocabulary (such as right and wrong, good and bad).

5. Non-moral Standard Non-moral standard refers to standards by which we judge what is good or bad and right and wrong in a non-moral way. Non-moral standards are matters of taste or preference . Non-moral standards also call the law by which we judge something as legal or illegal , and aesthetics by which we judge art as good or rubbish . Hence, a scrupulous observance of these types of standards does not make one a moral person . Violation of said standards also does not pose any threat to human well-being . Example of non-moral standards are standards of etiquette by which we judge manners as good or bad . Also, athletic standards how well a game is being played.

6. Finally, as a way of distinguish of moral and non-moral standards says” Don’t harm innocent people or don’t steal ”, a non-moral standard says “ Don’t talk while the mouth is full ”.

7. Moral Dilemma Moral dilemmas are situations in which the decision-maker must consider two or more moral values or duties but can only honor one of them ; thus, the individual will violate at least one important moral concern , regardless of the decision.

8. Real Dilemma and False Dilemma In a real dilemma , the choice is between a wrong and another, roughly equal wrong. The latter are situations in which the decision-maker has a moral duty to act in one way but is tempted or pressured to act in another way. In a false dilemma , the choice is actually between a right and a wrong .

9. 3 Level of moral dilemmas Individual Organizational Structural

10. Individual Dilemma Conflict arrives when a person is asked to choose between two important values for him or her for example, choosing between one’s duties to his or her family and one’s love for another person . This refers also to personal dilemmas . It is an individual’s damn-if-you-do and damn-if-you-don’t situation . The second case in the readings is one of the best-known individual dilemmas presented by Kohlberg (1958) Kohlberg’S dilemma question were as follows: “Should Heinz have stolen the drug?” If he did not steal the drug that would mean his wife’s death, He was torn between stealing the drug and saving his wife. The dilemma is faced by an individual who is torn between two obligation – to save the wife or obey the law.

11. O rganizational D i lemma Encountered by institutions, business, or organizations in their decision-making process, at this level the dilemmas that the organizations’ experiences usually affect more than one person and they can be part of the internal group or part of an external stakeholder . Organizational dilemma is a puzzle posed by the dual necessities of a social organization and members’ self- interest . It may exist between personal interests and organizational welfare or between group interest and organizational well-being.

12. The example I n the readings shows the dilemma between the goal of the school to give quality education for the poor and so must charge the lowest tuition fee possible and yet to keep quality faculty the school must raise their salary and consequently, must raise tuition. Organizational dilemmas may also in business, medical and public sector .

13. S tructural Dilemma A ffect a network of institutions and operative theoretical paradigms like universal care, juvenile laws, and immigration . This type of dilemma can affect a community and even a society at large.

14. Kinds of Structural D ilemma Differentiation versus Integration Gap versus Overlap Lack of Clarity versus Lack of Creativity Flexibility versus Strict Adherence to Rules

15. Differentiation versus Integration This happens because different divisions have their own different culture and so coordination between divisions or bringing them together for become more difficult. Any attempt to introduce reform in society or government create structural dilemma . For instance, promoting or introducing universal health care, which is tantamount to socialized health care, gives rise to a structural dilemma, that is, a conflict of perspective of sectors, groups and institution that may be affected by the decision.

16. Gap versus Overlap There may be gaps and overlaps in roles and responsibilities. If key responsibilities are not clearly assigned , there may be gaps or overlaps in important tasks. If there are gaps, organization ends up with no one doing the responsibility . If there are overlaps , things become unclear and may lead to more confusion and even conflict and worse wasted effort and perhaps even resources because of the unintended overlap.

17. Lack of Clarity versus Lack of Creativity If employees are unclear what they are supposed to do , they often tailor their roles around personal preferences instead of system wide goals, frequently leading to trouble.

18. Flexibility versus Strict Adherence to Rules This happens if you accommodate by bending rules to help someone or you stick strictly to rules no matter what and so unable to help someone who is thrown into helpless situation. Or you may become too accommodating that all rules are no more .

19. On freedom as Foundation for moral Acts; A critical study Nowadays, our ordinary moral thinking is under a tremendous strain, for 2 reasons. It is brought into a kind of competition with a mode of thinking that is quite different in nature. While the main criteria of ethical thinking are good and evil or right and wrong, technological thinking has as its main criteria efficiency and consider only effectiveness in all our operations, how to make things go faster, reduce cost, etc.

20. On other hand people today may have to face the fact that their neighbors have quite different moral standards, that they may nevertheless have to recognize to be as valid as their own. Even if they find them repulsive and unacceptable for themselves . They have to do so because we live in a pluralistic society that seem to admit conflicting moral principles as being equally valid , the same action being accepted as both right and wrong at the same time. (abortion, same sex marriage)

21. Ethical nihilism is nothing new among those who consider their personal power, fame, or wealth to be the only things worth fighting for . But the fact that many people believe that they can decide by themselves what is right and what is wrong.

22. Justice, Love and Freedom Justice, love and freedom are solemn, so loaded with meaning, and used and misused to such an extent. they are  complex  phenomena and may seemingly be defined convincingly in various ways, or to put it another way, there is no  proper definition of justice, love, or freedom. 

23. Freedom It is not strictly speaking wrong to say that   freedom   is to be able to do what one wants , but it is quite inadequate if we suppose that that is what freedom is all about. On the other hand, the  significance  of these ideals is different from one society to another, and from one time to another, depending upon social factors about which we may know very little.

24. Love L ove  does not seem to mean quite the same thing to the Ancient Greeks, the Christian monks in the Middle Ages, and the Romantic poets of the 19th century . And it probably has still another significance today. Nevertheless, there is a central meaning attached to the word  love  which presumably is always the same. ( Love always seems to have something to do with both  desire   – Eros – and  charity  –  Agape .)

25. Justice Justice is desirable in all relationships between living beings, because injustice creates evil both for those who commit evil and those who suffer it . Justice is thus the most important factor in all relationships between living beings.

26. Do we seriously want to get rid of these burdensome notions of justice, love and freedom? If so, we only have to give in to the tyranny of the technological mind , which is not only ready to rule the external world of things and products , but also the internal world of our thoughts and desires . A specialist on commercials, tells that the ultimate dream in that technological field will be attained when people’s dreams at night will be interrupted every twenty minutes for a commercial break!

27. Technological Thinking   Technological thinking is indeed the greatest instrument of liberation at our disposal and we can use it to build up as well as to tear down whatever we fancy. There is no doubt that what is most needed today is a commonly accepted moral system that people can use within modern technological environments in order to organize and lead their life together without meaningless fights and endless suffering . This is true even from a strictly technological perspective, because technological thought has no means of setting up its own goals . 

28. Technological Thinking   It goes wild and does the most horrible things if it is not led by ethical thinking . To say “this end is worth pursuing”, “this is what ought to be done”, “this is certainly good for you”, requires an ethical thought which evaluates and judges what is truly good and right for living beings on this planet . If modern technology is to be used properly , and we are not to be victims of the illusion of a complete technological control over life , we must reject ethical nihilism and try to see what matters in our morality.

29. “Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do” - Potter Stewart