MORPHOLOHY,ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF GASTRITIS .pptx

It's about a morphology, etiology and treatment of gastritis .Causes of gastritis,treatment and cure.

1. GASTRITIS By diya padhiyar 0403-07 Morphology , Etiology,causes and treatment

2. Introduction Gastritis is a general term for a group of conditions with one thing in common: Inflammation of the lining of the stomach. The inflammation of gastritis is most often the result of infection with the same bacterium that causes most stomach ulcers or the regular use of certain pain relievers. Drinking too much alcohol also can contribute to gastritis.

3. (acute gastritis) or appear slowly over time (chronic gastritis). In some cases, gastritis can lead to ulcers and an increased risk of stomach cancer. For most people, however, gastritis isn't serious and improves quickly with treatment. antiviral medications for viral pneumonia, and antifungal medications for fungal pneumonia. Supportive care, such as oxygen therapy and fluids, may also be necessary. In severe cases, hospitalization and mechanical ventilation may be required.

4. ETIOLOGY Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. The stomach lining is a mucus-lined barrier that protects the stomach wall. Weaknesses or injury to the barrier allows digestive juices to damage and inflame the stomach lining. Several diseases and conditions can increase the risk of gastritis. These include inflammatory conditions, such as Crohn’s disease. Bacterial infection . 

5. Risk factors Factors that increase your risk of gastritis include: Bacterial infection.  A bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori, also known as H. pylori, is one of the most common worldwide human infections. However, only some people with the infection develop gastritis or other upper gastrointestinal disorders. Healthcare professionals believe sensitivity to the germs could be inherited. Sensitivity also may be caused by lifestyle choices, such as smoking and diet. Regular use of pain relievers.  Pain relievers known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, also called NSAIDs, can cause both acute gastritis and chronic gastritis. NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve, Anaprox DS). Using these pain relievers regularly or taking too much of these medicines may damage the stomach lining.

6. EPIDEMIOLOGY Complications
Left untreated, gastritis may lead to stomach ulcers and stomach bleeding. Rarely, some forms of chronic gastritis may increase your risk of stomach cancer. This risk is increased if you have extensive thinning of the stomach lining and changes in the lining’s cells.

Tell your healthcare professional if your symptoms aren’t improving despite treatment for gastritis.

7. When to see a doctor? Nearly everyone has had indigestion and stomach irritation at some point. Usually, indigestion doesn’t last long and doesn’t require medical care. See your healthcare professional if you have symptoms of gastritis for a week or longer.
Seek medical attention right away if you have severe pain or if you have vomiting where you cannot hold any food down. Also seek attention right away if you feel lightheaded or dizzy. Tell your healthcare professional if your stomach discomfort happens after taking medicines, especially aspirin or other pain relievers.

8. Classification In addition to the acute and chronic forms, gastritis can be divided into types based on how it affects the protective lining of your stomach. Erosive gastritis. With this type, whatever causes gastritis leaves injuries or ulcers in your stomach lining. Nonerosive gastritis. People who have this type have stomach irritation but no ulcers. If you have a type of  nonerosive gastritis called atrophic gastritis, the irritation causes your stomach lining to get thinner. Doctors may also identify gastritis by what causes it, such as: Alcohol-induced gastritis Autoimmune gastriti s.

9. Morphology Gastritis is a histopathologic diagnosis, which correlates poorly with both clinical symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia and endoscopic abnormalities. Worldwide, most cases of gastritis are due to Helicobacter pylori and are characterized by a diffuse superficial antral gastritis. Chronic inflammatory cells and lymphoid follicles are present in the lamina propria . Neutrophils are present in the surface and pit-lining epithelium. In North America and Western Europe, reactive gastropathy due to duodenal reflux or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is also common. In this condition, there is no increase in inflammatory cells, but the pit-lining cells become hyperplastic, and the pits have a corkscrew appearance.

10. Most examples of multifocal atrophic gastritis are the result of long standing Helicobacter gastritis, although there may be other causes as well. It is characterized by loss of glands in both pyloric and corpus mucosae with intestinal metaplasia of the surface epithelium. A subtype of intestinal metaplasia, in which sulphomucin (large bowel mucin ) is present, has been associated with the development of distal gastric cancer. However, this association is relatively weak and is not considered useful for screening purposes. Gastric dysplasia may develop in areas of the stomach affected by intestinal metaplasia. High-grade dysplasia is a significant finding, with up to 60 percent of cases having coincident carcinoma and a further 25 percent of cases likely to develop an invasive malignancy within fifteen months.

11. TREATMENT 1.Antibiotics to kill H. pylori. For H. pylori in your digestive tract, your healthcare professional may recommend a combination of antibiotics to kill the germs. …
2.Medicines that block acid production and promote healing. …
3.Medicines to reduce acid production. …
4.Medicines that neutralize stomach acid 5.Don’t drink alcohol. Alcohol can irritate the mucous lining of your stomach.
6.Consider switching pain relievers. If you use pain relievers that increase your risk of gastritis, ask your healthcare professional whether acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) may be an option for you.