motivation and its type. .ppt

motivation and its type.

1. Motivation and its types
Zainab Khalid
(Clinical psychologist)

3. What is motivation?
Motivation is defined as the process that initiates,
guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.
Motivation is a need or desire that energizes
behavior and directs it towards a goal.

4. Components of motivation
Activation involves the decision to initiate a behavior, such as
enrolling in a particular class.
Persistence is the continued effort toward a goal even though
obstacles may exist. An example of persistence would be taking
medicine in order to earn a degree although it requires a
significant investment of time, energy, and resources.
Intensity can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes
into pursuing a goal. For example, one student might pass without
much effort, while another student will study regularly, participate
in discussions, and take advantage of research opportunities
outside of class. The first student lacks intensity, while the second
pursues his educational goals with greater intensity.

5. Motive
A motive is an inner state that
energizes, actuates, activates or
moves (Hence motivation), that
directs or channels the behavior
towards the goals.

6. Types of motives
Primary motives
General motives
The competence motive
Secondary motives
Power motive
The achievement motive
The affiliation motive

7. Theories of motivation

8. Instinct theory
Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed
patterns throughout different species and are
not learned (Tinbergen, 1951).
For example a woman builds different kinds of
houses, the bird builds only one kind of nest.

9. Drive-Reduction Theory
When the instinct theory of motivation failed to
explain most human motivation, it was replaced
by the drive-reduction theory. A physiological
need creates an aroused tension state (a drive)
that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
(Hull) Drive
reduction
behaviors
e.g
eating,
drinking
etc
Drive e.g
hunger,
thirst
Need
e.g food,
water etc

10. Optimum Arousal
Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels
of arousal, not to eliminate it. Young monkeys
and children are known to explore the
environment in the absence of a need-based
drive.

11. Herzberg's two-factor theory
Fredrick Herzberg two-factor theory concludes that certain
factors in the workplace result in job satisfaction  (motivators),
while others (hygiene factors), if absent, lead to dissatisfaction
but are not related to satisfaction. The name hygiene factors is
used because, like hygiene, the presence will not improve
health, but absence can cause health deterioration.
The factors that motivate people can change over their
lifetime. Some claimed motivating factors (satisfiers) were:
Achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility,
advancement, and growth. Some hygiene factors
(dissatisfiers) were: company policy, supervision, working
conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, status, job security,
and personal life.

12. Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow in 1970 suggested that certain
needs have priority over others. Physiological
needs like breathing, thirst, and hunger come
before psychological needs such as
achievement, self-esteem, and the need for
recognition.

14. Types of Motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation

16. Intrinsic motivation
The act of being motivated by internal factors to
perform certain actions and behavior is called Intrinsic
Motivation.
There is neither pressure nor any sort of reward for the
actions you perform due to intrinsic motivation.
It can take the form of motivation by the work itself
when individuals feel that their work is important,
interesting and challenging and provides them with a
reasonable degree of autonomy (freedom to act),
opportunities to achieve and advance, and scope to
use and develop their skills and abilities.

17. Extrinsic motivation
In this type of motivation, the motives originate
from outside the human body. The driving force
exists outside the human body that stimulates
the individual to perform certain actions. Though
these motives are external to human body but
they have rewarding or punishing impact on the
individual.

18. Examples of extrinsic motives
Incentives
Bonuses
Allowances
Promotion
Rewards and punishments
Distinction certificates
Appreciation certificates
Prizes

20. References
https://
www.yourcoach.be/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/0
3/A-summary-of-motivation-theories1.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306255973_
Motivational_Theories_-_
A_Critical_Analysis
https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/
2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml