Motivation: Different Types and Function.pptx

Characteristics and types of motivation

1. Presented by: Dr. Subhajit Kumar Ghosh Assistant Professor in Education Ramsaday College (University of Calcutta) Amta , Howrah West Bengal Motivation: ( Meaning, Factors, Role, Theory) @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

2. Highlighted on… What is Motivation? What is Motives? Types of Motivation Difference between Intrinsic & Extrinsic Motivation Cycle of Motivation Factors Affecting Motivation Theories of Motivation Role of Motivation in Learning @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

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4. What is Motivation? Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviours. Motivation is a need or desire that energizes behaviour and directs it towards a goal. What is Motive? A motive is an inner state that energizes, actuates, activates or moves (Hence motivation), that directs or channels the behaviour towards the goals. Types of Motivation Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

5. Intrinsic motivation: The act of being motivated by internal factors to perform certain actions and the behaviour is called Intrinsic Motivation. There is neither pressure nor any sort of reward for the actions you perform due to intrinsic motivation. OR Intrinsic motivation is a type of motivation in which an individual is being motivated by internal desires. @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

6. Extrinsic Motivation: In this type of motivation, the motives originate from outside the human body. The driving force exists outside the human body that stimulates the individual to perform certain actions. Though these motives are external to human body but they have rewarding or punishing impact on the individual. OR Extrinsic Motivation, is a type of motivation in which an individual is being motivated by external desires   Examples of Extrinsic motives Incentives, Bonuses, Allowances, Promotion, Rewards and punishments, Distinction, Certificates, Appreciation certificates, Prizes @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

7. Circle of Motivation @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

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10. Factors affecting Students’ Motivation Class and Curriculum Structure: When students sense or see that classes follow a structure, and the curriculum and class materials have been prepared beforehand, it provides them with a greater sense of security. 2. Teacher Behaviour and Personality: If a student has a negative emotion such as fear or disliking towards their teacher, that can negatively affect their attitude toward the subject as a whole. If a teacher shows a preference towards certain students or uses derogatory and humiliating language, that can lower their motivation in education. On the other hand, kindness, optimism, positive feedback, and encouragement can positively affect students’ motivation to learn. @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

11. 3. Teaching Methods: Students are more likely to retain their motivation in education if educators use different teaching methods. That creates diversity and prevents students from getting bored. Thus, a teacher is more likely to meet these needs by applying different teaching methods. 4. Parental Habits and Involvement: Quite a few parental habits can indirectly affect the motivation of children, intrinsic motivation in particular. These include: • showing interest in the child’s learning material, • inquiring about their day • actively listening, • helping with specific tasks or skills taught at school • attending parent meetings • encouraging children complete homework or study for a test. @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

12. 5. Family Issues: Lack of security at home can negatively impact motivation in education. Children who live with both parents, on average get better grades than children who don’t. Family conflicts can result in poorer academic performance. Some examples include: • divorce • loss of one or both parents • not living with the biological father or mother • not having contact with the biological father or mother • frequently moving from one home to another 6. Learning Environment: School environment or school climate is another factor that affects motivation in education. School environment refers to different norms and regulations that determine the overall climate in the school. @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

13. 7. Assessment: It is also common for students to lose motivation if tests are continuously too challenging, it can negatively influence students’ motivation in education, especially at a younger age. Finland where primary school children do not get any tests. Despite the lack of assessment, Finnish children display higher academic achievements. @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

14. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION A. Hawthorne Effect: @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

15. B. Placebo Effect: Here some virtual Treatment is given. Motivation is given without actual treatment @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

16. C. Expectancy Theory @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

17. D. Maslow Theory: @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

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19. Cognitive need: People have cognitive needs such as Creativity Foresight Curiosity Individuals who enjoy activities that require deliberation and brainstorming have a greater need for cognition. Cognitive need that creates a will to learn and attain knowledge.  Maslow wanted humans to have intrinsic motivation to become educate. Aesthetic needs Having the ability to appreciate the beauty within the world around one's self. According to Maslow's theories, to progress toward Self-Actualization, humans require beautiful imagery or novel and aesthetically pleasing experiences. After reaching one's cognitive needs it would progress to aesthetic needs, to beautify oneself. This is done by making and finding ways you want to dress and express yourself through personal beauty and grooming standards and ideas. @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

20. Transcendence needs: Also known as spiritual needs. Spiritual needs differ from other types of needs in that they can be met on multiple levels. When this need is met, it produces feelings of integrity and raises things to a higher plane of existence. Transcendence refers to the very highest and most inclusive or holistic levels of human consciousness, as ends rather than means, to oneself, to significant others. @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

21. E. Atkinson’s Theory of Motivation Achievement Motivation provides direction intensity and continuity to behaviour . @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

22. Formula : Ts = Ms x Ps x Is (Tendency to Achieve Success) (Motive for Success) (Probability of Success) (Incentive value for Success) = Ps x ( Ms x Is ) (T he subject value of success OR the utility of success) The tendency to achieve success should be strongest when a task is one of intermediate difficulty When the difficulty of a task is held constant, the tendency to achieve success is stronger when Ms is strong The tendency to avoid failure is defined as a parallel product of (a) the (MAF), (b) the expectancy of failure (Pf), and (c) the incentive value of failure (If). T f = M AF x P f x I f (Motive to Avoid Failure) (Probability of Failure) (Incentive value of Failure) @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

23. In summary, achievement motivation, described as a tendency to engage in an achievement oriented task, is “a joint multiplicative function of motive, expectancy (subjective probability), and incentive” It is a model that offers an explanation for the selection of one task over other alternatives which differ in difficulty. An explanation for the level of performance exhibited in a given task once initiated. The two major implications of the theory are (a) that “performance level should be greatest when there is greatest uncertainty about the outcome”, and (b) that people with strong achievement motive “should prefer intermediate risk while persons in whom the motive to avoid failure is stronger should avoid intermediate risk, preferring instead very easy and safe undertakings” @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

24. ROLE OF MOTIVATION IN LEARNING Motivation is an orientation towards learning. Therefore, it impacts how likely a student is either to give up or push forward, and how thoughtful their reflection on their learning will be. Intrinsic motivation fosters strong and flexible critical thinking skills. On the other hand, a motivation and purely extrinsic motivation lead to low interest and academic persistence. Motivation fosters creativity and critical thinking Motivation cultivates resilience and self-assurance Motivation and agency Learning is self-initiated, but it must be aided by motives so that the learner will persist in the learning activity @Dr. Subhajit Kr. Ghosh

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