MOTOR NEURON DISEASE/MND.pptpresentation

In this presentation there is a brief introduction to Motor Neuron Disease, It's definition & types, diagnosis, etiology, symptoms & treatment.

1. Motor Neuron Disease NISCHITHA .P JSSCPM

2. OBJECTIVES 1.Intoduction 2.Definition & Types 3.Diagnosis 4.Causes 5. Symptoms 6. Treatment

3. 1.INTODUCTION What are Motor Neurons? Motor Neurons are the nerve cells that carry signals from brain and spinal cord, which controls the skeletal muscle activity. They are of two types:- 1. Upper motor neuron (UMN) 2. Lower motor neuron(LMN)

4. Messages or signals from nerve cells in the brain (upper motor neurons) are typically transmitted to nerve cells in the brain stem and spinal cord (lower motor neurons) and then to muscles throughout the body. This process is how we move our muscles. When signals from the lower motor neurons to the muscles are disrupted, the muscles begin to weaken and shrink in size (muscle atrophy or wasting). They may also start to spontaneously twitch. These twitches, called fasciculations, can sometimes be seen or felt below the surface of the skin. When lower motor neurons cannot receive signals from upper motor neurons, it can cause muscle stiffness (spasticity) and overactive reflexes. This can make voluntary movements slow and difficult.

5. 2.DEFINITION & TYPES Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are a group of progressive neurological disorders that destroy motor neuron. TYPES:- 1.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 2. Progressive bulbar palsy(PBP) 3. Progressive muscular atrophy(PMA) 4.Primary lateral sclerosis(PLS)

6.   Lower Motor Neuron Dysfunction Upper Motor Neuron Dysfunction Both Description In these disorders, LMNs cannot communicate with muscles. In these disorders, communication between LMNs and UMNs is disrupted. In these disorders, both the communication between the UMNs and LMNs and between the LMNs and muscles are affected. Disorders Progressive muscular atrophy Primary lateral sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Progressive bulbar palsy Common Symptoms Muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations Muscle stiffness, overactive reflexes, slow and difficult voluntary movements Rapid loss of muscle control, paralysis Life expectancy More than five years Five to six years Two-five years from the onset of symptoms

7. 3.DIAGNOSIS T here is no single diagnostic test for MND. Diagnosis is based on features in the clinical history and examination, usually accompanied by electrophysiological tests, which will include electromyography(EMG) and nerve conduction studies. O ther tests may include: MRI scanning of the brain and spinal cord V arious blood tests L umbar puncture M uscle or Nerve biopsy.

8. 4.CAUSES MND’s occur in both adults and children. In children, MND s are typically caused by specific gene mutations . S ymptoms may be present at birth or appear in early childhood. In adults, MND s are more likely to be sporadic, meaning the disease occurs with no family history. Symptoms typically appear after age 50, though onset of disease can occur at any age. W hile some MND s are inherited, the causes of most MND s are not known. In sporadic or non-inherited MND s, environmental, viral, and/or other factors may play a role in the development of the disease.

9. 5.SYMPTOMS

10. 6.TREATMENT There is no cure for most MNDs, although new treatments are under development… Treatments are available to help with some symptoms and supportive treatment can help people maintain their independence and quality of life. Multidisciplinary clinics, with specialists from neurology, physical & occupational therapy , respiratory therapy, speech therapy , and social work are particularly important in the care of individuals with MNDs. Several medications have been approved to treat MNDs. Riluzole is used to treat ALS . They may also receive botulinum toxic injections to treat muscle stiffness by weakening overactive muscles or decrease drooling. Excessive saliva also can be treated with medications such as amitriptyline, glycopyrrolate & atropine .

11. Thank you