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1. Topic: Founder effect
submitted by Abdul Raouf
Roll No : BSBTE19-13
submitted to: Ms.Ghalia Batool Alvi

2. contents
Definition
Features
History
Modification
Causes
Graphical explanation
Examples

3. Founder Effect
Definition
The reduction in genetic variation that result
when a small subset of a large population is
used to establish a new colony

4. features
Reduction in genomic variability
Small group of individuals become separated from a large population
New subpopulation genotype and physical traits that resembling the initial small
separated group and these may be very different from the original large
population
Overcome the inherited diseases that are found more frequently in some limited
population groups
Founder effect may change
Height
Weight
Particular diseases

5. Discovery
Founder effect was developed by Mayer(1954)
Postulated
Genetic revelation could take place as a
By product of inbreeding
Selection
Drift
Genome reorganization
Morphological
Ecological shift

6. Modification
Modification of founder effect was proposed by carson(1975)
Founder flush model of speciation
Isolated population undergo a series of population expansion
Drastic construction to a very small numbers of individuals
Can occur only in certain cross fertilizing diploid organism with “open
genetic system”
The genome of Organism have abundant pleiotropic interacting
Genetic polymorphism
Share a high recombination of index

7. Causes
Geographical isolation
A particular area may become populated
with the small no of individuals
The origin of particular set of Y chromosomes
Polymorphism is passed through the generations

Males with the same paternal ancestors are
very likely to share identical Y chromosomes polymorphism know as a
haplotype

8. Graphical representation
a) q= o.5 possibility of polymorphism = 0.2
b) q= 0.2 possibility of polymorphism = 0.4
c) q= 0.1 possibility of polymorphism =0.6

result:
I. as q value increase 1 fold the possibility of polymorphism increase 2 fold
II. no of founder directly increase the no of possibility of polymorphism then
gradually become constant

9. examples
a) Incidence of genetic disease of Huntington disease (case 24) among the
indigenous inhabitants around lake Maracaibo, Venezuela that resulted from
the introduction of Huntington disease mutation into this genetic isolate.
b)Hereditary type I tyrosinemia that causes hepatic failure and renal tubular
dysfunction due to deficiency of fumarylacetoacetase a

10. Cont’d
1. There are different colored flowers in a garden
2. A bird comes by and pics up a yellow flower
and blue one
3. Then the bird drops some seed in another
garden
4. The seed are fertilized and then only blue
and yellow flowers grow in that garden