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1. Topic: Founder effect submitted by Abdul Raouf Roll No : BSBTE19-13 submitted to: Ms.Ghalia Batool Alvi

2. contents Definition Features History Modification Causes Graphical explanation Examples

3. Founder Effect Definition The reduction in genetic variation that result when a small subset of a large population is used to establish a new colony

4. features Reduction in genomic variability Small group of individuals become separated from a large population New subpopulation genotype and physical traits that resembling the initial small separated group and these may be very different from the original large population Overcome the inherited diseases that are found more frequently in some limited population groups Founder effect may change Height Weight Particular diseases

5. Discovery Founder effect was developed by Mayer(1954) Postulated Genetic revelation could take place as a By product of inbreeding Selection Drift Genome reorganization Morphological Ecological shift

6. Modification Modification of founder effect was proposed by carson(1975) Founder flush model of speciation Isolated population undergo a series of population expansion D rastic construction to a very small numbers of individuals Can occur only in certain cross fertilizing diploid organism with “ open genetic system ” The genome of Organism have abundant pleiotropic interacting Genetic polymorphism Share a high recombination of index

7. Causes Geographical isolation A particular area may become populated with the small no of individuals The origin of particular set of Y chromosomes Polymorphism is passed through the generations Males with the same paternal ancestors are very likely to share identical Y chromosomes polymorphism know as a haplotype

8. Graphical representation a) q= o.5 possibility of polymorphism = 0.2 b) q= 0.2 possibility of polymorphism = 0.4 c) q= 0.1 possibility of polymorphism =0.6 result: as q value increase 1 fold the possibility of polymorphism increase 2 fold no of founder directly increase the no of possibility of polymorphism then gradually become constant

9. examples a) Incidence of genetic disease of Huntington disease (case 24) among the indigenous inhabitants around lake Maracaibo, Venezuela that resulted from the introduction of Huntington disease mutation into this genetic isolate. b) Hereditary type I tyrosinemia that causes hepatic failure and renal tubular dysfunction due to deficiency of fumarylacetoacetase a

10. Cont’d 1. There are different colored flowers in a garden 2. A bird comes by and pics up a yellow flower and blue one 3. Then the bird drops some seed in another garden 4. The seed are fertilized and then only blue and yellow flowers grow in that garden