MPA 207 : DEVT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptx

MPA 207: Development Issues & Concerns

1. DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS MPA 207 MA. LADY ZEL E. GABA

2. IN THE PHILIPPINES (Nationwide): POVERTY OVERPOPULATION UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT CORRUPTION ACCESS AND QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES THREAT TO PEACE AND SECURITY

3. 1. POVERTY PH poverty rate in first half of 2023 down to 22.4% —PSA | GMA News Online (gmanetwork.com) Poverty Rate = First half of 2021 – 23.7% First half of 2023 – 22.4% Poverty Incidence = 2021 – 18.0% 2023 – 16.4% H ighest poverty incidence: Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). Davao Region experienced a significant increase in poverty incidence due to its vulnerability to natural hazards, such as flooding and earthquakes. President Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr aims to bring down the poverty rate to 9% before his six-year term ends in 2028.

4. 2. OVERPOPULATION Population growth in the Philippines (worlddata.info) Strain on Limited Resources (e.g. food insecurity) Overstretched demand Limited access to essential services CAUSES: LACK OF EDUCATION, POVERTY, UNEMPLOYMENT Philippine Population 2023 117,337,368

5. 2. OVERPOPULATION (cont.) First, as stated by Singh et al. (2011), one primary cause of overpopulation in the Philippines is the lack of family planning and education . Second, poverty is another major root cause of overpopulation. P overty and overpopulation create a vicious cycle. ( Balisacan and Fuwa , 2003). Third, limited employment opportunities play a crucial role in overpopulation. The absence of gainful employment opportunities leads to a lack of financial stability, driving individuals to perpetuate the cycle of poverty and overpopulation (De Silva and Ray, 2021).

6. 3. UNEMPLOYMENT & UNDEREMPLOYMENT Debt Lower standard of living Increased crime rate High Income Inequality (The Philippines has the highest GINI Coefficient among ASEAN’s six largest economies at 41.58 percent.) Philippine jobless, underemployment rates jump in July - BusinessWorld Online (bworldonline.com)

7. 3. UNEMPLOYMENT & UNDEREMPLOYMENT (cont.) Income per month for a family of five: PHP 10,481.00 – Poverty line – 22% PHP 10,481 to 20,962 – Low income – 35% PHP 20,962 to 125,772 per month – Upper middle class – 40% PHP 125,772 to 209,620 – Upper class – 2% PHP 209,620 or more – Rich - < 1%

8. 4. CORRUPTION The Philippines is perceived to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Of 180 countries, the Philippines ranked 116 in terms of being the least corrupt. This means that the country is almost in the top one-third of the most corrupt countries , based on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) published by Transparency International. According to CPI, the Philippines scored a total of 33 points out of 100. Even as far back as 2012, it has fluctuated around the same CPI score, with the highest score being 38 points in 2014 and the lowest being 33 points in 2021 and 2022.

9. 5. LIMITED ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTH SERVICES Insufficient health care facilities especially in rural areas Health human resources are not available and sometimes lacking in skills Long waiting time Run-down or worn-out facilities Costly

10. 6. THREAT TO PEACE AND SECURITY Criminality and illegal drugs ( 27.79% decrease in Index Crimes (from 3,573 to 2,580, a decrease of 993 PNP: Crime rate down by 27% in January-February 2024 compared to 2023 | GMA News Online (gmanetwork.com) Gov’t confiscates P10.41B worth of illegal drugs, clears more than 27,000 barangays of drug menace under PBBM’s anti-drug campaign Gov’t confiscates P10.41B worth of illegal drugs, clears more than 27,000 barangays of drug menace under PBBM’s anti-drug campaign – Presidential Communications Office (pco.gov.ph) ) Terrorist attack & Cyber attack (4 th in the world with most incidents of cyber attacks –DICT. 6,250 reported cybercrimes in the NCR only from January to June 2023 – NCRPO ) Territorial disputes

11. IN THE PHILIPPINE’S EDUCATION SYSTEM: LIMITED ACCESS TO EDUCATION INADEQUATE FUNDING RESOURCE ALLOCATION LACK OF TRAINED AND QUALIFIED TEACHERS TECHNOLOGICAL DISPARITY

12. 1. LIMITED ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION Leads to poverty and unemployment. Those who drop out of school are more likely to be unemployed and less likely to secure good jobs. Marginalized communities do not have access to education. Limited schools mostly in rural areas.

13. 2. INADEQUATE FUNDING and 3. RESOURCE ALLOCATION Lack of classrooms / overcrowded classrooms Limited learning resources Although the Education Sector receives the highest allocation or the 12.58% (631.77 Billion) from the National Budget, only 3.22% of it goes to the Capital Outlay (based on the graph), which includes the budget for classrooms. The 20.37B budget for Capital Outlay in 2022 only is not enough to build the lacking classrooms nationwide and to repair the damaged classrooms due to disasters.

14. 4. LACK OF TRAINED AND QUALIFIED TEACHERS The Philippines faces a persistent shortage of qualified teachers, especially in remote and disadvantaged areas. As a result, classrooms often have a high student-to-teacher ratio , making it more challenging for teachers to provide individual attention and support to each student. In some cases, teachers may not receive proper training or may not have access to continuous professional development opportunities . Without updated knowledge and instruction skills, teachers may struggle to effectively teach complex subjects or adapt their teaching methods to suit the needs of diverse learners.

15. 5. TECHNOLOGICAL DISPARITY Limited access to information Unequal learning opportunities Digital literacy gaps No preparation for the digital era Source: DepEd Computerization Program Report as of 2022 Although the department is making ways to lessen the technological disparity by providing ICT equipment to schools, it is not yet sufficient to create a 1-to-1 ratio for every student.

16. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION TO MY PRESENTATION! 

17. The Philippines: Development issues and education | James Trewby - Academia.edu PH poverty rate in first half of 2023 down to 22.4% —PSA | GMA News Online (gmanetwork.com) Title: The Impact of Overpopulation in the Philippines Introduction: Overpopulation can be… | by Ashley Yvone Pascual Lejos | Medium Impacts - Unemployment in the Philippines (weebly.com) Income inequality | Philstar.com A look at how corruption works in the Philippines | Inquirer Business The Lack of Healthcare Facilities in the Rural Areas of the Philippines | by ARIANA MAI AGARIN MANUEL | Medium China denies hacking Philippines websites | Philstar.com Philippines arrests over 56,000 drug suspects in 2023-Xinhua (news.cn) Cybercrime incidents in NCR up by 152% in 2023 —PNP | GMA News Online (gmanetwork.com) Education Issues in the Philippines: The Ongoing Struggle (childhope.org.ph) Lack of Education The main challenge of the Philippines as a nation-state currently is the lack… | by mscruzat | Medium The teacher shortage is real, large and growing, and worse than we thought: The first report in ‘The Perfect Storm in the Teacher Labor Market’ series | Economic Policy Institute (epi.org) Income inequality | Philstar.com