Mpkv lecture 3 advances in oil seed processing technologies

Smart Interventions in Oil Seed Processing Technologies

1. Advances in Oil Seed
Processing Technologies
Dr. R.T. Patil
Former Director, CIPHET, Ludhiana
Chairman, BenevoleWelfare Society for Post
Harvest Technology, Bhopal

2. Availability of Oils
•ThecurrentdemandforvegetableoilinIndiais
around235milliontonnes.
•PrimarysourcesincludeGroundnut,Rapeseed
(Mustard),Soyabean,Sunflower,Sesamum,
Nigerseeds,Safflower,CastorandLinseed
(60MT)
•SecondarysourcesincludeCoconut,Cottonseed,
Ricebran,SolventExtractedOilsandoilsfrom
Treeandforestorigin(29MT)
•In2015-16,Indiaimported148.20milliontonnes
ofedibleoils.Thus,Indiahasanalarming
levelofimportdependencyonoil.

3. Domestic Availability and
Imports

4. Imports of Oil

5. Oil Seeds Production

6. Production of Major Oil Seeds

7. Post Harvest Losses in Oil Seeds
Oil SeedProductio
n,
Million
tones
Harvesti
ng
Loss %
Supply
Chain
Loss %
Storage
Loss %
Total
Loss
%
Mustard5.8 4.5 3.9 0.5 8.9
Cottonsee
d
2.9 0.6 1.6 0.6 2.8
Soybean9.99 3.1 2.7 0.4 6.2
Safflower2.17 0.5 2.8 0.4 3.7
Sunflower1.44 1.1 2.8 0.6 4.5
Groundnut9.36 4.8 4.3 1.0 10.1

8. Oil Content of Oilseeds
Raw material Oil content
Peanut 44-55%
Camellia 58-60%
Castor seed 50-70%
Soybean 18-21%
Cotton seed 33-40%
Rapeseed 33-40%
Sesame seed 45-50%
Sunflower seed 40-50%
Rice bran 18-20%
Safflower seed 29-45%
Corn embryo/germ 30-40%
Walnut 40-65%
Flaxseed/Linseed 29-44%
Palm seed 50-55%
Coconut 35-45%

9. Smart Interventions in Oil Extraction
Technologies
•MechanicalExpression(ME)
Extrusion/Cooking+Expelling
Heatedbarrelexpression
Barrelcoolingexpression
•ConventionalSolventExtraction
ExpanderExtraction
EnzymeAssistedExtraction(EAE)
UltrasoundAssistedExtraction(UAE)
MicrowaveAssistedExtraction
SupercriticalFluidExtraction(SFE)

10. Mechanical Oil Expeller

11. Double Chamber Modern Oil Expeller
•Provisionforcoolingthebarrelby
passingwaterthroughwater
jacketsfortemperatureofthe
barrelbelow70C
•Pungentcompoundspresentin
theoilarenotescapedduring
expelling.
•10tpdcapacityprovides5.8%
residualoilinmustardcakein
one-gocrushing,ascomparedto
7.5%inconventionalexpeller
•Mustardcakeisbrightgreen
withoutanydiscolouration.
•Durabilityworm&cagebar
assemblies(10weekagainst3
weeksconventionalexpellers)
•Theplantrequireslessspacefor
installation.

12. Parameter Values
Throughput capacity 25 kg/h
Effective capacity for
extruded soy-sample
15 kg /h
Recovery 70%,
Single pass
Effective capacity for
soft seeds in 2 passes
15 kg/h
Recovery 80-85%
Compression ratio for
Primary section 5:1
Secondary section 3:1
Overall compression
ratio
15:1
L:D ratio
Primary section 5.1:1
Secondary section 4.5:1
Overall 9.6:1
Single Feed Multi Stage Oil Expeller

13. Extrusion Expelling Technology

14. •Capacity100kg/h
•Oilrecovery65–70%
insinglepass
•GoodqualityMFSF
(Protein48%,Fat6-8%,
TIInactivationupto70
%)
•Development of
commercialunit(250kg
/h)inprogressin
collaborationwitha
manufacturer
IntegralExtrusion Expelling Unit

15. Short Barrel S SExpeller

16. Conventional Solvent Extraction Process

17. Smart Intervention in Solvent
Extraction
•EnzymeAssistedExtraction(EAE)
Themosteffectiveenzymesusedarefromthe
fungusTrichoderma.Cellulases,hemicellulases,and
pectinases
•UltrasoundAssistedExtraction(UAE)
shorterextractiontimes,lowenergydemands,andhigh
extractionefficiency.
•MicrowaveAssistedExtraction
Theproteinmaterialisdenaturedduringmicrowave
treatmentleadingtoanimprovedextractionwithinashort
withlesssolvent.
•SupercriticalFluidExtraction(SFE)
Nontoxic,nonflammable,withgoodsolventpower,lowviscosity,
highdiffusivity,easilyremovable.

18. Enzyme Assisted Solvent
Extraction
Plant cell walls are made up of lignocellulosic, and other
polymers intertwined with each other, which provide a barrier
to extraction of its components
Enzymes are used for the digestion of these cellular materials
and disruption of pores as a pre-extraction step which eases
the diffusion of the oil into the extraction medium
Some of the most effective enzymes used are from the
fungusTrichoderma. Cellulases, hemicellulases, and
pectinases, are commonly used during EAE to hydrolyze and
degrade the cell wall thus improving the release of
intracellular content.

19. Ultrasound Assisted Solvent
Extraction
•Ultrasound is a special type of sound wave beyond
human hearing, with frequencies ranging from 20
to 100 MHz.
•Advantages of UAE include shorter extraction times,
low energy demands, and high extraction
efficiency.
•UAE is mainly attributed to the behavior of cavitation
which brings about the formation and growth of
bubbles and its subsequent collapse.
•The result of this collapse are physico-chemical and
mechanical effects which provoke disruption of
material matrix, facilitating release of extractable
compounds into the solvent.

20. Microwave Assisted Solvent
Extraction
•Microwaveassistedextraction(MAE)isoneofthemost
recentandattractivealternativeoilextraction
methods.
•Theproteinmaterialisdenaturedduringmicrowave
treatmentleadingtoanimprovedextraction.
•Therapidheatinganddestructionofbiologicalcell
structurebythemicrowaveensureseffective
extractionwithinashorttimerequiringsmall
amountsofsolventandproduceshighqualityoil.
•Anotherimportantadvantageofthisprocessisthe
lowerenergyrequirementwhichdecreases
environmentalimpactandfinancialcosts.

21. Super Critical Fluid Extraction
•Thismethodiscommonlyreferredtoasthe
supercriticalcarbondioxideextractionmethodas
compressedcarbondioxidewithpropertiesof10–
50MPapressuresand35–80°Ctemperatures
isthemostfrequentlyusedassolvent.
•Ithasarelativelylowcriticaltemperature(31.1°C),is
nontoxic,nonflammable,withgoodsolventpower,
lowviscosity,highdiffusivity,canbeeasily
removedfromtheproduct,andisreadilyavailable
atlowcost.
•Unlikeothermethodsthatrequirethermaltreatment
afterextraction,theseparationofsupercritical
carbondioxidefromtheextractedoiloccursby
simpledepressurization

22. Expander Assisted Solvent Extraction
Inexpandersoybeanflakesorprepressedcakeofother
oilseedsiscrushed,steamisinjectedtocooktheproteinsand
starches,aswellastoelevatethetemperatureabovethe
boilingpointofwater.Atthedischargeaconeordieplatewith
circularopeningsisusedtogenerateevenhigherpressures
andthepressuredropatexitformsanetworkofpores
throughoutthematerial.

23. Expander Assisted Solvent
Extraction
The expanded product is 50% more dense than flakes, can
squeeze 50% more material (increase in capacity).
Porous material allows better drainage of the solvent, lowest
residual oil levels in the meal, and less solvent per ton
Advantages
•Up to 50% increase in extractor capacity
•Residual oil levels as low as 0.6%
•Reduction in fines
•Higher extractor percolation rates
•Lower solvent to meal ratios
•Higher miscella concentration
•Lower steam consumption
•Lower solvent loss
•Reduction in non-hydratable phospholipid content

24. Conventional Oil Refining Process

25. Physical Oil Refining Process

26. Storage of Oil
•Properly stored, an unopened bottle of vegetable oil
will generally stay at best quality forabout 24
months
•Once you'll open the bottle, theoilin it should be
fine for at least a year.
•Antioxidants prevent auto-oxidation of oils and fats
during heat processing. It has been shown that
most of natural additives have more
antioxidants activity and thermal stability than
synthetic ones in different edible oils.
•Sesame oil has a special and strong antioxidant
called sesamol and can be used to extend
shelf life of other oils

27. Demonstration of Heated Barrel
SS Oil Mill
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_4bjrduOTQ

28. Conclusions
•Modernizationofoilmillingsectorto
higheroilrecoveryandbetterquality
cake
•Developpre-pressingtreatmentsfor
higherrecoveryandcoldpressedquality
oil
•Developnovelandefficientdesignsof
oilexpellersandtheirpromotion
•Useofsmartsolventextractionmethods

29. Email [email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/ramabhau