Ms DOS

MS DOS AND DIRECTORY with example of command and structure.

1. Chanderprabhu Jain College Of Higher Studies  SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Mrs. Priyanka Gautam CHANDAN SINGH IT Faculty GUNJAN SINGH POWERPOINT PRESENTAION

2. Topic DIRECTORY MS-DOS ( MICROSOFT-DISK OPERATING SYSTEM)

3. INTRODUCTION MS-DOS (MICROSOFT DISK OPERATING SYSTEM) IS A SINGLE-USER, SINGLE-TASKING COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM THAT USES A COMMAND LINE INTERFACE . IN SPITE OF ITS VERY SMALL SIZE AND RELATIVE SIMPLICITY, IT IS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL OPERATING SYSTEMS THAT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO DATE .

4. History of DOS

5. MS-DOS uses the files mentioned here : System Files : IO.SYS (or IBMBIO.COM): This contains the system initialization code and built-in device drivers. MSDOS.SYS (or IBMDOS.COM): This contains the DOS kernel . Command line interpreter (Shell ): COMMAND.COM: This is the command interpreter . User configuration files : AUTOEXEC.BAT: This is run by the default shell (usually COMMAND.COM ) to execute commands at start-up . CONFIG.SYS: This contains statements to configure DOS and load device drivers.

6. STRUCTURE OF MS-DOS The Operating-system loader : - It brings the operating system from the start-up into RAM. called Bootstrapping. · The MS-DOS BIOS : - BIOS stands for Basic Input / Output systems - Loaded from the file IO.SYS during initialization. - Layer that sits between operating system kernel and hardware . ……

7. STRUCTURE OF MS-DOS The MS-DOS Kernel: - Read into memory at initialization time from MSDOS.SYS file on boot disk - Heart of the operating system - it is a proprietary program supplied by Microsoft corporation .   The User Interface ( shell): - Conventional program that allows the user to interact with the operating system . - Default MS – DOS user interface is a shell program called Command.com .

8. These commands are typed after the prompt, in the case of MS- D OS the drive letter followed by a backslash, for example: A:\ or C:\.   To execute a command type the command then hit ENTER. A  command prompt  is an entry point for typing computer commands in the Command Prompt  window . By typing commands at the  command prompt , you can perform tasks on your computer without using the Windows graphical interface . MS-DOS PROMPT

9. FILE ORGANISATION DOS  files  are organized in a   hierarchical or  an inverted tree-like structure . DOS enables the user to organize the files in a disk into directories and sub-directories . Directory is just like a file folder, which contain all the logically related files.  Of course,  directory within another directory is called  a   sub- directory there may be sub-directories of sub-directories.

10. STRUCTRE EXAMPLE

11. USING PATH TO SPECIFY THE LOCATION OF FILES A  path  is the route that leads from the root  directory  of  a drive to the file you want to use. For example , to access- C :\ NOS\LET\LETTER.DOC * Where (C:) represent the drive the file is on , - 1st ( \ ) is the root directory . - 2nd ( \ ) separates the LET directory from the LETTER sub- directory . - 3rd ( \ ) separates the LET sub-directories  from  the file name , LETTER.DOC

12. -> DOS FILES : Files are the basic storage unit for any data or instruction . -> FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS : Primary Name and Secondary Name. eg: Letter.doc Primary name cannot exceed limit of 8 characters. Extension cannot exceed the limit of 3 characters. Other Special characters cannot be part of file name. eg: ?, *, >, <,| There cannot be any spaces in between the file name.

13. Wildcard character will replace a single letter, or word with a wild character. * R eplaces a number of characters Example : copy a:/*. txt c :/ will copy all text files to drive c:/ Wildcard characters ( * , ?) Replaces a single character Example: copy a:/?????.txt c:/ will copy any 5 letter text file to c:/ ?

14. COMMANDS “ Commands are the basic modes through which we can communicate with the computer. “ There are two types of Command: INTERNAL COMMAND EXTERNAL COMMAND “THESE ARE THOSE COMMANDS WHICH ARE FREQUENTLY USED BY THE USER.” THE INTERNAL COMMANDS ARE STORED IN THE COMMAND.COM FILE. Eg: copy, cls , dir etc. “THESE ARE THOSE COMMANDS WHICH ARE NOT FREQUENTLY USED BY THE USER”. THESE COMMANDS ARE NOT PART OF COMMAND.COM FILE. EG: FORMAT, ATTRIB ETC.

15. Internal commands CLS VOL VER PATH DEL TYPE MD CD REN PROMPT COPY TIME DATE PAUSE DIR

16. Basic Command CLS CLS Will clear the contents of the screen. Example: C>CLS will clear all the instructions and screen will become blank

17. Basic Command DIR DIR will display the contents of the folder SYNTAX: DIR [Drive:][Path][File(s) or Directory( i es)] Example: C>DIR will display all the detail in the directory

18. Basic Command COPY COPY will copy the file from one location to another SYNTAX: COPY [Path][Drive:] <Source file> <[Drive:][Path]> Example C>COPY A:\file.txt C:\ will copy the file from a:\ to c:\

19. Basic Command DEL DEL will delete a file or an empty directory from the drive SYNTAX: DEL [Drive:][Path] <Filename> Example: C>DEL Newfile.txt will delete the file named newfile.txt from C: drive

20. Basic Command REN REN command changes the name of an already existing file to a new name SYNATX: REN [Drive:][Path] <old Filename> <new Filename> Example : C>REN D:file.txt myfile.txt will rename the file.txt to myfile.txt

21. Basic Command CD CD command changes the directory location SYNATX: CD [Drive:][Path] <Directory name> Example : C>CD Personnel will change the directory to personnel To move backward use C>CD\

22. Basic Command MD MD is used to make a directory (folder) in MS-DOS. SYNTAX: MD [Drive:][Path] <Directory name> Example: C>MD myfolder will make a folder called myfolder in current directory

23. Basic Command RD R D is used to remove a directory (folder) in MS-DOS. SYNTAX: RD [Drive:][Path] <Directory name> Example: C>RD myfolder will remove a folder called myfolder in current directory

24. Basic Command Date Displaying and/or changing the current date Example: C>Date will display current date

25. Basic Command Time Displaying and/or changing the current time Example: C>Time will display current time

26. External Commands Backup Restore Chkdsk Tree Diskcopy Diskcomp Copy con Print Move Undelete Format Deltree

27. FORMAT Command Process of creating tracks and sectors on a disk is called Formatting Example C>FORMAT A: will format the drive A:

28. ATTRIB Command ATTRIB command changes or displays the attributes of a file. SYNTAX: ATTRIB [Modes] [[Drive:][Path] filename] Example C>ATTRIB or C>ATTRIB +R *.DOC will make the file with extension .doc read only

29. MOVE Command MOVE will move the file or directory from one location to another SYNTAX: MOVE [Path][ Drive:] <Source file> <[Drive:][Path ]> Example: C>MOVE A:\file.txt C:\file.txt will move the file to the c:\ drive

30. BREAK Command BREAK command can be used to stop an activity (example- sorting of files) SYNTAX: BREAK [on/off] Example C> BREAK OFF

31. PRINT Command PRINT command is used to print the text file SYNTAX: PRINT <Filename> Example C>PRINT mynotes.txt will give the command to print the content in mynotes.txt file