Ms frame and truss ppt

architecture; building construction

1. ASSIGNMENT - 1 SUBMITTED TO: AR. VIVEK SUBMITTTED BY: NIKITA CHAWLA AR – 1501 B.ARCH(5 TH SEM.)

2. 1. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON GUSSET PLATE, CLEAT, BASE PLATE, COLUMN SPLICE ?

3. Gusset plates  are thick sheets of steel that are used to connect beams and girders to columns or to connect truss members. A   gusset plate  can be fastened to a permanent member either by bolts, rivets or welding or a combination of the three. Gusset plate used on the River bridge Material steel ,  copper , or  aluminum Uses Bridges, buildings, and other structures Connection Methods Welding, bolts, or rivets

4. MATERIALS Gusset plates are usually either made from cold rolled or  galvanized steel  based upon their use. Galvanized steel offers more protection from  rust , so this is usually used when the gusset plate is exposed to the elements. The gusset plate is usually painted to match nearby steel and fixtures and to give it an extra layer of protection. The copper and aluminum gusset plates also provide a more attractive finish for exposed structures .

5. USES Gusset plates are used to connect beams and columns together or to connect truss members. Gusset plates are therefore used in most metal weight bearing structures, but the material and size of the gusset plate varies based on the structure.  The larger the force on the connecting members, the larger the size of the gusset plate. 

6. GUSSET PLATE

7. CLEAT

8. DEFINITION A strip of wood, metal, etc., fastened across a  surface,as  of a  plank or  series of adjacent planks, for strength or support. A projecting piece of metal or hard rubber attached to the underside of a shoe to provide grip. ANGLE CLEAT A small bracket formed of angle iron, which is used to locate or support a member of a structural framework. The main advantages of angle cleat connections are that no welding is required, and that the 2mm bolt hole clearances allow minor adjustments to be made on site. 

9. BASE PLATE A solid piece of  material  that has enough  strength  to serve as the  surface  to which other things are attached to be supported. To distribute vertical load from structural columns.

10. Column base plate connections can also be used to resist wind, vibratons and seismic loads.

11. COLUMN SPLICE

12. USED TO JOIN AN UPPER STANCHION LENGTH TO A LOWER LENGTH.   THE SPLICE IS PLACED NEAR THE FLOOR LEVEL.   THE UPPER STANCHION MAY BE A SMALLER SECTION THAN THE LOWER ONE.   DUE TO DIFFERENCE OF SIZE BEARING PLATE AND PACKING PLATES HAVE TO BE USED.

13. 2.(a) WHAT IS STANCHIONS?WHERE THEY ARE USED? (b.) WHAT IS HSFG? WHERE THEY ARE USED?

14. It support the girder to which the beams are loaded. A vertical column, pole, or strut, typically made of steel . Stanchions are available in the form of metal, plastic, and wooden, that includes retractable belts, velvet ropes, and plastic chains. `

15. USES It is a solution especially for crowd control. Stanchions are used in many events and occassions , from crowd control to queues . Stanchions  are used in many places lke hotels, restaurants, hospitals, airports, bank, theatres, malls, and many public and commercial places. The main objective of stanchion is to keep people safe . Iron or metal stanchions are used in ensuring us directions, warning, and traffic signs. Metal stanchions are more desired as it can withstand extreme weather conditions. Many event planners use plastic stanchions that are found to be more convenient because of its lightweight and is portable as well. 

16. HIGH-STRENGTH FRICTION GRIP BOLTS (H.S.F.G .) H.S.F.G . BOLTS ARE USED IF THE JOINTS ARE TO BE MADE RIGID . Made from bars of medium carbon steel.  The material of the bolts do not have a well defined yield point.   Special techniques are used for tightening the nuts to induce a specified initial tension in the bolt (called the proof-load), which causes sufficient friction between the faying faces. Such bolts are called High-Strength Friction Grip bolts (HSFG).

17. USES/ADVANTAGES   They provide rigid connections . Due to the smaller number of bolts, the gusset plate sizes are reduced . Deformation is minimized.   HSFG bolts are very strong . When they are made the HSFG bolts, large tensile stresses are developed in bolts . Cost gets reduced to some extent by making use of such bolts since  fewer  persons are require to make the connections.

18. ASSIGNMENT - 2

19. WHAT IS TRUSS, EXPLAIN ITS TYPES, USES, AND ADVANTAGES?

20. A truss is a structure consisting of members / elements that takes only tension or compression and no bending is induced what so ever. OR A truss consists of straight members connected at joints. No member is continuous through a joint. The function of the frame/truss is to support loads and transmit the same to the support through the various members of the frame/truss.

21. TYPES OF TRUSSES 1. King Post Truss 2. Queen Post Truss 3. Howe Truss 4. Pratt Truss 5. Fan Truss 6. North Light Roof Truss 7. Quadrangular Roof Truss

22. KING POST TRUSS (span upto 8m) perfect for multiple types of houses, QUEEN POST TRUSS (span around 10m) FAN TRUSS (span from 10-15m)

23. HOWE TRUSS (span from 6-30m) QUADRANGULAR TRUSS (span upto 55m)  used for large spans such as railway sheds and Auditoriums. PRATT TRUSS (span from 6-10m)

24. USES OF TRUSSES The main uses of trusses are in covering large spans to provide shelter. Trusses are also used to carry heavy loads and are sometimes used as transfer structures . To carry the roof load and To provide horizontal stability . One of their uses is to make girder bridges. Metal roof trusses are fire resistant.

25. ADVANTAGES Steel trusses are stronger than timber trusses. Steel section forming the truss are light in weight and can be formed in any pattern. There is no danger of the material being eaten away by any insect. Steel is more fire resistant than timber. They do not have span restrictions. The sections forming steel trusses are easy in transportation. There is not much wastage of the material in cutting. Metal roof trusses are recyclable and therefore environmentally friendly.

26. EXPLAIN TUBULAR TRUSS AND ITS USES. WHAT IS THE RANGE OF SPAN IT CAN COVER?

27. Tubular Steel roof trusses are used for large span constructions such as factories, industry work sheds , shopping malls, huge exhibition centres, multiplexes etc. They are generally used for spans as large as 25-30m .

28. USES OF TUBULAR TRUSS 30% to 40% less surface area than that of an equivalent rolled steel shape. Therefore, the cost of maintenance, cost of painting or protective coatings reduce considerably. The moisture and dirt do not collect on the smooth external surface of the tubes . Therefore , the possibility of corrosion also reduces. The ends of tubes are sealed. As a result of this, the interior surface is not subjected to corrosion . The interior surface do not need any protective treatment.

29. WHAT IS NORTH LIGHT TRUSS ?AND HOW IT IS BETTER THAN OTHER TRUSSES?

30. North light trusses are traditionally used for short spans in industrial workshop-type buildings. They allow maximum benefit to be gained from natural lighting by the use of glazing on the steeper pitch which generally faces north or north-east to reduce solar gain.

31. One of the oldest and economical methods of covering large areas is the North Light and Lattice girder . This roof consists of a series of trusses fixed to girders. The short vertical side of the truss is glazed so that when the roof is used in the Northern Hemisphere, the glazed portion faces North for the best light . It can be used for spans from 20-30m.

32. North light is natural light coming from the north it consist of light coming from the blue sky rather than from the sun. It is preferred and considered ideal by architects. They allow max. benefit to be gained from natural lightning by the use of glazing on the steeper pitch which generally faces north to reduce heat. Although north lights reduce the requirement for artificial lightning and can reduce the risk of overheating, it also help in increasing natural day lightning. Hence, north light truss is preferred over other trusses.

33. THANK YOU