MSC Lec 06 - Construction Site Management.pdf

Construction site management

1. CONSTRUCTION SITE
MANAGEMENT
MODULE : MANAGEMENT STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION (MSC)
MODULE CODE : 4504ICBTQS
HIGHER DIPLOMA IN QUANTITY SURVEYING
MANJULAWADUGODAPITIYA
03/05/2024

2. INTRODUCTION
•ModernConstructionManagementisahighlycomplexprocess,itmust
ensurethat;
-Projectsandsitesaremanagedefficientlyandeffectively
-Ontimeandonbudget
-Qualityworkiscarriedout
-Workforcewellbeingandsafetyisassured
-Environmentalimpactsareminimized
-Meetlegislativerequirements
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3. INTRODUCTION CONT’D…
•Management practices must be supported by technical knowledge and good
interpersonal skills to bring challenging projects to successful completion.
•To understand construction management and the role of the construction
manager; knowledge of the industry and how it operates is needed.
•Construction site management involves managing construction projects, such
as buildings, bridges, roads or industrial facilities.
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4. INTRODUCTION CONT’D…
•Construction managers must oversee a variety of resources, including labour,
equipment, materials and capital.
•They must also deal with numerous local and federal regulations.
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•Also, they need to coordinate with
workers, contractors, architects,
subcontractors, developers, engineers
and many other parties to the project.

5. EFFECTIVE & EFFICIENT
SITE MANAGEMENT
•Both efficiency and effectiveness are vital components of the management of
any construction project.
•Efficiency is the ability to ‘Get things done correctly’- the ratio of output to
input.
•An efficient manager is one who achieves higher outputs (results, productivity,
performance) relative to the inputs (labour, materials, money, machines and
time) needed to accomplish the desired targets.
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6. EFFECTIVE & EFFICIENT
SITE MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
Effectiveness is the ability to ‘do the right thing’ to achieve the desired goals.
Thus the effective managers select the ‘right’ things to do and the ‘right’ methods
for getting them done.
The key aspects contributing to these two components are,
•The role and functions of the site manager
•The management styles adopted
•Organizational structure
•Corporate planning processes
•Motivation of staff and operatives
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7. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT
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Micro
Environment
Macro
Environment

8. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
Cost Factors
•Cash flow of project
•Profit rate of project
•Overhead percentage of project
•Project design cost
•Material and equipment cost
•Project labour cost
•Project overtime cost
•Motivation cost
•Cost of rework
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9. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
Time Factors
•Site preparation time
•Planned time for construction
•Percentage of orders delivered late
•Time needed to implement variation orders
•Time needed to rectify defects
•Average delay in claim approval
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10. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
Quality Factors
•Specification problems
•Unavailability of competent staff
•Quality of equipment and raw materials
•Quality assessment system in organization
•Quality training/meeting
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11. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
Productivity Factors
•Project complexity
•Number of new projects / year
•Management - labour relationship
•Absenteeism rate through project
•Sequencing of work according to schedule
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12. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
Client Satisfaction Factors
•Information coordination between owner and project parties
•Leadership skills for project manager
•Speed and reliability of service to owner
•Number of disputes between owner and project parties
•Number of rework incidents
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13. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
Regular and Community Satisfaction Factors
•Cost of compliance to regulators requirements
•Number of non-compliance events
•Quality and availability of regulator documentation
•Site condition problems
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14. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
People Factors
•Employee attitudes
•Recruitment and competence development
•Employees motivation
•Belonging to work
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15. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
Health and Safety Factors
•Application of health and safety factors in organization
•Project location is safe to reach
•Reportable accidents rate in project
•Assurance rate of project
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16. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
Innovation and Learning Factors
•Learning from own experience and past history
•Learning from best practice and experience of others
•Work group
•Review of failures and solving them
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17. FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE SITE
MANAGEMENT CONT’D…
Environmental Factors
•Air quality
•Noise level
•Wastes around the site
•Climate condition
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18. PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF
EFFECTIVE & EFFICIENT SITE MANAGEMENT
1.Forecasting - Predict or estimate a future event or a trend.
2.Planning - The process of thinking about and organizing the activities
required to achieve a desired goal.
3.Organizing - Organizing is the process of identifying and grouping the work
to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and
establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most
effectively together in accomplishing objectives.
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19. PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF
EFFECTIVE & EFFICIENT SITE MANAGEMENT
CONT’D…
4.Controlling - Process which measures and directs the actual performance
against the planned goals of the organization.
5.Motivating - Ways in which managers promote productivity in their
employees.
6.Coordinating - The process of organizing people or groups so that they
work together properly and well.
7.Communicating - Share or exchange information, news, or ideas.
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20. CONSTRUCTION
FORECASTING

21. WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION FORECASTING?
CONT’D…
•Forecasting is an essential part of decision making under uncertainty
•Forecasting is the science of predicting future outcomes.
•It applies to the future of a product or industry.
•Reliable forecasting is a critical component of project planning,
controlling, and risk management.
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22. WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION FORECASTING?
CONT’D…
•Forecasting for construction project is a complicated process need more
than applying one equation only.
•As assuming that, project performance during finishing stage will be similar to
project performance during concrete stage is totally wrong.
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23. CONSTRUCTION FORECASTING
1.Project Duration Forecasting
2.Project Cost Forecasting
3.Labour Forecasting
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24. 1. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION DURATION
•Duration means the time required to complete a specified task or activity.
And, construction duration is the time determined by the owner’s needs to
occupy, utilize, or rent the completed space of the project (Callahan et al.,
1992).
•Construction duration is defined as the time frame given by the owner for the
contractor to complete the project under normal work conditions, normal
practice of construction, and based on the minimum costs.
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25. 1. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION DURATION
CONT’D…
•It starts when the contractor receives the instruction to proceed and ends at
the completion of construction works on site.
•Construction duration also includes delays caused by unanticipated
circumstances, e.g. alteration of works (changed conditions and change
orders), extra works, supply of materials, location, weather, and site work
conditions.
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26. 1. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION DURATION
CONT’D…
The basic inputs for project duration forecasting are;
•Contract
•Drawings
•Specification
•Resources (materials, manpower and productivity)
•Other Constraints, ex: Site conditions and weather
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27. 1. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION DURATION
CONT’D…
Factor Affecting Construction Duration
•Size of project : The larger the building size, the more complex the
construction, thus needing longer duration to complete.
•Function : Type of building and required engineering systems, e.g.
plumbing, fire fighting, and lighting.
•Height : Height of building, represented by number of floors (or
storeys) affects the construction duration. The height of building indicates
construction technique, major equipment used, and construction
sequence.
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28. 1. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION DURATION
CONT’D…
Factor Affecting Construction Duration Cont’d…
•Complexity: The complexity of building impacts the form of construction,
i.e. building frame, foundation, and systems. Complexity can be
represented in form of construction equipment, method and sequence.
•Quality : Quality can be classified by variables or attributes, i.e.
appearance, strength, stability, materials used, performance finish.
Appearance of the building, e.g. external facing is one aspect of quality.
Number of major finishing works in duration forecasting instead of a
defined quality index. 28

29. 1. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION DURATION
CONT’D…
Factor Affecting Construction Duration Cont’d…
•Location: The location of the building has a significant effect on the
construction duration. It reflects restrictions or easements that exist and
availability of services. It effects supply of resources, e.g. materials, and
equipment. Consequently, it also effects the use of major equipment and
productivity on site.
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30. 1. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION DURATION
- PROJECT DELAYS AND THEIR CAUSES -
•Construction duration affects the financial interest to the owner, e.g. selling
price, and on-site management.
•The contractor is traditionally responsible for the detailed planning and
scheduling to ensure the completion of the project within the owner’s time
frame.

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31. 1. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION DURATION
- PROJECT DELAYS AND THEIR CAUSES -
The actual construction duration consist of two parts:
1)Contract time
2)Delay
Delay is the time during which some parts of construction project has been extended or not
performed because of unanticipated circumstances. Alteration of working drawing is one of a
major factor affecting the construction duration, i.e. it may cause a delay beyond the contract
time. Delays can be happen due to;
•Changed conditions and change orders
•Extra works
•Owner or his/her agent
•Third party contractors
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32. 1. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION DURATION
- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COST AND TIME -
•There is a relationship between cost and duration (or time).
•In construction planning and scheduling, alternative duration and costs for activities
are always considered.
•For example, when it is necessary to shorten the duration of activities or project, the
cost may increase. This is called “crashing“.
•Construction time and cost are dependent on some common independent variables:
1) Construction planning during design
2) Variation to the contract
3) Complexity of form of construction
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33. CONSTRUCTION FORECASTING
1.Project Duration Forecasting
2.Project Cost Forecasting
3.Labour Forecasting
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34. 2. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION COST
•The financial success of construction projects can be uncertain and at risk.
• A cost plan is prepared to include all construction costs, all other items of
project cost including professional fees and contingency.
•The purpose of the cost plan is to allocate the budget to the main elements of
the project to provide a basis for cost control.
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35. 2. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION COST
CONT’D…
•The terms budget and cost plan are often regarded as synonymous.
•However, the difference is that the budget is the limit of expenditure defined
for the project, whereas the cost plan is the definition of what amount of
money will be spent on and when.
•The cost plan should, therefore, include the best possible estimate of the
cash flow for the project and should also set targets for future running costs.
•The cost plan should cover all stages of the project and will be the essential
reference against which the project costs are managed.
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36. 2. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION COST
CONT’D…
•The objective of cost control is to manage the delivery of the project within the
approved budget. Regular cost reporting will facilitate, at all times, the best
possible estimate of:
- Established project cost to date.
- Anticipated final cost of the project.
- Future cash flow.
•In addition cost reporting may include assessments of:
- Ongoing risks to costs.
- Costs in the use of the completed facility.
- Potential savings.
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37. CONSTRUCTION FORECASTING
1.Project Duration Forecasting
2.Project Cost Forecasting
3.Labour Forecasting
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38. 3. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION LABOUR
•Manpower planning at national level is crucial for any country or industry to
deal with the problems of growing unemployment, knowledge obsolescence
and changing skill requirements.
•Manpower planning aims to find the right number of workers with the right
skill, otherwise structural unemployment or skill shortage would impede
industrial development.

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39. 3. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION LABOUR
CONT’D…
•Construction is a labour-intensive industry that places heavy reliance upon
the skills of its workforce.
•One of the biggest challenges facing owners, contractors and labour groups
is whether there are sufficient number of ‘skilled’ construction workers in the
right place at the right time to meet their needs.

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40. 3. FORECASTING CONSTRUCTION LABOUR
CONT’D…
•This is important because it has a significant implications on costs, schedules,
productivity, safety and also training.
•Rapid changes of the economy, working arrangements, and technology in
construction advocate reliable estimations of manpower demand to lessen
future skills imbalance.
•A solid understanding of future skill needs for the development of the industry
is still lacking.
•Yet the future labour market of the industry is always uncertain.

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41. Any Questions ?
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