Msc zoology fourth semester -Anatomy-of-Ovaries.ppt

Science notes

1. ANATOMY OF OVARY

2. 1.Introduction
2.Location
3.Dimensions
4.External features
5.Ligaments
6.Functions
7.Vasculature
8.Nerve Supply
9.Clinical Anatomy

3. INTRODUCTION :
The ovaries are the female pelvic reproductive
organs that house the ova and are also
responsible for the production of sex
hormones. They are paired organs located on
either side of the uterus within the broad
ligament below the
 uterine tubes. 

4. Location :
 
Each ovary is whitish in color and located
alongside the lateral wall of the
 uterus in a
region called the
 ovarian fossa. The ovarian
fossa is the region that is bounded by
the
 external iliac artery and in front of
the
 ureter and the internal iliac artery. 

5. Dimensions :
The average normal
 
size 
is 3.5cm x 2.5cm x
1.5cm.After menopause the
 
ovaries 
generally
measure 2cm x 1.5cm x 1cm or less. There
may be cysts present on the
 
ovaries. These
may include follicular cysts, corpus luteum
cysts, haemorrhagic cysts, endometriomas,
simplecysts and polycystic appearing
 
ovaries.

6. External Structure :
Outer Tunica Albuginea
Connective tissue layer covering the ovarian cortex.
Overlying this structure is a single layered Germinal epithelium.
Ovarian Cortex
Contains:
Follicles
 in various stages of development
Corpus Luteum
 (includes Corpus Haemorrhagicum and Corpus Albicans)
Ovarian Medulla
The Medulla is made up of dense connective tissue. This is where all of the
lymphatics, nerves and vasculature of the Ovary are found.

7. Ligaments of Ovary :
There are two main ligaments that attach to the
ovary - the ovarian ligament and suspensory
ligament of ovary. The ovarian ligament is attached
to the ovary inferiorly. It connects the ovary to the
side of the
 
uterus. Structurally, it is a fibrous band of
tissue that lies within the broad ligament.

8. Ligaments of Ovary :

9. Functions of Ovary :
It has two main functions:
1. Producing the female gametes
 oocytes via
Gametogenesis.
2. Producing the reproductive hormones
Oestrogens and Progesterone, an
 endocrine
function.

10. Vasculature of Ovary :
Arterial Supply
The ovarian artery (a branch of the Aorta) and ovarian branches of
the Uterine artery form anastomoses in the mesovarium and the
broadligament.
Venous Drainage
Ovarian vein and Uterine vein
Lymphatics
Arise in the perifollicular stroma.
Drain into larger vessels, which coil around the medullary veins.

11. Nerve supply :
Sympathetic fibres of the autonomic nervous system
supply blood vessels and terminate on
 smooth
muscle cells in the stroma around follicles.
May play a role in follicular maturation and ovulation,
but the main control is via the endocrine system.

12. Clinical Anatomy of Ovary :
Ovarian cysts 
are fluid-filled masses that may develop in the ovary. They
are most commonly derived from ovarian follicles, reaching approximately
2-2.5 cm. Most ovarian cysts are benign and develop during a woman’s
child-bearing years, however, some larger cysts may cause problems
such as bleeding and pain and require surgical removal.
Polycystic ovaries 
are characterized by hormone dysfunction and
multiple (over 10) ovarian cysts. It is associated with infertility.
Ovarian tumours 
are another serious disorder. The most
common
 cancers arise from epithelial components or germ cells. 90% of
ovarian cancers are derived from epithelium, these are termed
 
ovarian
adenocarcinomas, Most germ cell tumours are
 
teratomas,
which
 comprise cells from all 3 germ cell layers and are usually benign.

13. By:
Dr. Manjula Vastrad
Asst Prof
Dept of Anatomy
SMVVS RKM AMC
Vijayapura.
Email:
[email protected]
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