Multiple Approaches & Synthesis of MIS Structure

Multiple Approaches & Synthesis of MIS Structure
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Multiple Approaches to MIS
= Formal IS and Informal IS
= Public IS and Private IS
= Information Networks
= Modularity
= Extent of Integration
= Extent of Man-machine Integration

Synthesis of MIS Structure
= Physical Structure
= Conceptual Structure 

1. Subject: Management Information System Topic: Multiple Approaches & Synthesis of MIS Structure Prepared By: Mohammed Jasir PV Asst. Professor NBS, Koratty Phone: [phone]

2. Snapshot Multiple Approaches of MIS Formal IS and Informal IS Public IS and Private IS Information Networks Modularity Extent of Integration Extent of Man-machine Integration Synthesis of MIS Structure Physical Structure Conceptual Structure 

3. Multiple Approach MIS adopts a complex and multiple approach towards its structure Formal IS and Informal IS Public IS and Private IS Information Networks Modularity Extent of Integration Extent of Man-machine Integration

4. Formal Formally organized system Specific structure or design Strategic Info Managerial Info Operational Info Informal Not formally Organized No regularity in flow of info E-mail, telephone calls, notes on the Bulletin, etc Private Info only to the subject to who have a legitimate need-to-know, outsiders with permission, allowed by law Public Available to anyone who requests it, but certain files are not available to others in the organisation and certain files may be shared with trusted persons discriminatingly

5. Information Network Information network refers to the interconnected and interlocking network of information generated at various points in an organization, information feedback loops, etc., taken together, and describes the total system network It helps in controlling the physical processes like erection of plants, production of goods, marketing of products, etc.

6. Modularity Means factoring the system into various modules, of compact and manageable size A module is a small set of instructions applicable for individual requirements Sometimes, it is possible to set up common modules to meet the common requirements of certain subsystems, it helps to smoothen and ensure the early completion of projects Thus, according to the modularity concept, a system is viewed as a set of logically integrated modules, which are coded and tested for their efficiency

7. Extent of Integration System is a group of interrelated subsystems Integration of these subsystems is required for the effective functioning of the system Data files of one subsystem are required to be accessed by the other subsystems and the information generated by the latter is accessed by another subsystem and so on Subsystems are said to be integrated when a relationship exists among them in their functioning or when they use the same data source for obtaining or providing information to other subsystems, so that a linkage is established among them

8. Extent of Man-machine Integration Human beings interact with the information system in a variety of ways, such as input provider, information accessory, programmer,. etc. In user-friendly systems, non-procedural languages help to reduce the gap between the user and computer systems and the users are provided with interfaces to interact with the systems. Thus, the contact point of the system with the end-user is referred to as an interface.

9. Physical Components Processing Function Output for User Programmable Non-programmable Strategic Planning Tactical Planning Operational Planning Marketing S Production S Personnel S Purchase S Fin. Acc. S Combine

10. Combine Process: Synthesis of MIS Structure Physical Structure Conceptual Structure 

11. Synthesis of MIS There are various approaches to describe the structure of MIS The structure of MIS has been explained in terms of decision making, management activity, organizational functions and operating elements These different approaches of MIS can be combined to get an overall perspective of MIS structure This process of combining these different approaches of MIS is called Synthesis of Management Information System This can be of two ways Conceptual structure Physical structure

12. Conceptually it is a federation of subsystems integrated through the database software Conceptual structure of MIS each functional subsystem uses completely separate programs and perform functions independently Conceptually each functional subsystem is having its own files The organizational MIS is having a database, models for planning, decision and investment in the model base and commonly shared application software The common database is manage by database management software (DBMS) Information requirement changes Conceptual Structure

13. Conceptual Structure The conceptual structure of a MIS is a federation of functional systems includes, production, finance, personnel and marketing Each of these subsystems of information system is supported to provide information support to executives for operational control, management control and strategic planning Different operational functions have different information requirements Their information requirements vary not only in current but also in characteristics

14. In fact the content of information depends upon the activities to be performed under an operational functions, in turn, influences the characteristics, which particular information possesses. The levels of management activity also influence the characteristics of information Strategic planning requires more external information On the other hand management control level requires more accurate, precise, and repetitive information Operation management needs very detailed information for performing the day- to-day activities

15. 1. Strategic Control Strategic control is “the critical evaluation of plans, activities, and results, thereby providing information for the future action” This involves crafting Vision statements (long-term projections for the future) Mission statements (describing the organization’s role in society) Overall corporate objectives (both financial and strategic) Strategic business unit objectives (both financial and strategic) Tactical objectives These objectives should suggest a strategic plan that provides details (tactics) for achieving these objectives

16. 2. Management Control This requires that resources are acquired and used effectively and efficiently to attain the objectives of the organization This is a middle management role Managers in this role take guidance from the strategic planning hierarchy and control the activities of the organization such that the goals set by the higher level are attained in an efficient and effective manner The impact of the decisions of the managers in this role is medium term and degree

17. For using and utilization of resources, Activities include; Acquisition of resources Acquisition of Tactics New product development Establishment and monitoring of budget Requires information about Targets and Actual Variations

18. 3. Operational Control Operational control regulates the day-to-day output relative to schedules, specifications, and costs Are product and service output high-quality and delivered on time? Are inventories of raw materials , goods-in-process, and finished products being purchased and produced in the desired quantities? Are the costs associated with the transformation process in line with cost estimates? Is the information needed in the transformation process available in the right form and at the right time? Is the energy resource being used efficiently?

19. It require very short information about: Resources of all kind Production targets Sales targets for day or two People availability Information about pre established rules and procedure Information about internal Sources High degree of Accuracy

20. 4. Transaction Control / Processing A transaction control used to handle the processing and tracking of transactions A transaction is an event that can occur as a series of steps, such as taking and fulfilling an order from a customer Transaction control designed to process routine transactions efficiently and accurately Basic business systems that serve the operational level A computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to the conduct of the business

21. Physical Structure A MIS is an organized system which consists of people, hardware, communication networks, data sources that collects, transforms and distributes information in an organization It is a tool which helps mangers in making decisions by providing regular flow of accurate information in an organization The physical components of an MIS include hardware, software, database, personnel and procedures

22. 1. Integrated Processing It is achieved by designing several related applications as a single system in order to simplify the interconnection and reduce duplication of output . All process control systems are independent full-function systems and are based on solutions that enable integration of these systems into the single system

23. In integrated process control system of an oil field comprises the following levels of control: Upper level – level of supervisory monitoring and control. This level deals with acquisition, processing and transfer of information related to operation of all field facilities and supervisory control performed from the central operator room of the field. Some functions of supervisory control are carried out from the central (remote) office of the company. Middle level – field subsystems: production, formation pressure maintenance, treatment, field oil piping, power supply. This level provides visualization of information about the process flow and generation of operating control commands from operator workstations located in operator rooms of facilities (central oil gathering plant, pump stations, gas-turbine power station). Lower level – process equipment. This level is designed for direct interaction with the process by means of control stations and panels as well as local control systems located in control points and equipment rooms in close proximity to the process equipment.

24. 2. Common Modules Modularity concept Module is a small set of processing instructions in which perform one or small number of functions Information system modules are to be identified by factoring the system After modules are designed coded and tested, logically integrated

25. Thank You