multiple_choice_questions_on_nystagmus_along_with_their_answers_.pptx

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1. multiple choice questions on nystagmus along with their answers. DR. Ali Al- jawadi Ophthalmologist M.B.Ch.B . D.O.ICO

2. 1. Which of the following best defines nystagmus ? A) A voluntary, controlled movement of the eyes B) An involuntary, rapid, and repetitive movement of the eyes C) A misalignment of the visual axes causing diplopia D) A defect in peripheral vision 2. Nystagmus is broadly classified as congenital or acquired. Which statement best distinguishes congenital nystagmus ? A) It is usually associated with severe neurological disease. B) It appears within the first few months of life and is often relatively benign. C) It is characterized by marked oscillopsia in primary gaze. D) It typically develops following ocular trauma.

3. 3. Downbeat nystagmus is most commonly associated with lesions at which location? A) Cerebellar vermis B) Cervicomedullary junction and vestibulocerebellum C) Frontal lobe D) Optic nerve 4. Which medication is frequently used in the management of periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN)? A) Gabapentin B) Baclofen C) Timolol D) Atropine

4. 5. Acquired pendular nystagmus is characterized by: A) A clear fast and slow phase B) Equal, rhythmic oscillations without a distinct fast phase C) Predominantly vertical eye movements only D) Excellent response to topical anticholinergics 6. A patient presents with dizziness and positional vertigo accompanied by nystagmus on performing the Dix– Hallpike maneuver. Which condition is most likely? A) Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) B) Multiple sclerosis C) Myasthenia gravis D) Congenital nystagmus

5. 7. In patients with congenital nystagmus who have a “null point” away from primary gaze, which non-pharmacological intervention may be beneficial? A) Prescription of prism glasses B) Kestenbaum (eye muscle) surgery C) Laser photocoagulation D) Intravitreal injections 8. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to cause significant visual disturbance ( oscillopsia ) in acquired nystagmus ? A) Mild head nodding B) Unstable fixation resulting in blurred, jumping images C) Intermittent eyelid twitching D) Transient diplopia only when looking sideways

6. 9. To objectively evaluate the waveform and characteristics of nystagmus , which diagnostic test is most useful? A) Electroencephalogram (EEG) B) Electronystagmography (ENG) or Videonystagmography (VNG) C) Fluorescein angiography D) Optical coherence tomography (OCT ) 10. High doses of which medication are known to potentially exacerbate or induce nystagmus ? A) Baclofen B) Phenytoin C) Acetazolamide D) Levothyroxine

7. Thank You