Multiple nuclei model (Town Planning)

The ‘Multiple Nuclei Model’ was given by C.D Harris and Edward L. Ullman in
1945.It was written on a article named ‘The Nature of Cities’.

1. A PRESENTATION ABOUT “ MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL” Prepared By- Shah Mohammad Atikul Haque Department of Urban and Regional Planning Batch:14 th Roll:1884

2. C.D Harris Edward L. Ullman The ‘Multiple Nuclei Model’ was given by C.D Harris and Edward L. Ullman in 1945.It was written on a article named ‘The Nature of Cities’. Basic Concept: The model describes the layout of a city. It says that even though a city may have began with a Central Business District , or CBD, other smaller CBD's develop on the outskirts of the city near the more valuable housing areas to allow shorter commutes from the outskirts of the city. This creates nodes or nuclei in other parts of the city besides the CBD thus the name multiple nuclei model.

3. The theory is based upon the notion that the cities have an essentially cellular structure, in which distinctive types of land use have developed around certain growing points, or “nuclei” within the urban area. It is suggested by this model that, the city have a cellular structure and the growth of following centers –

4. The nuclei have been encouraged by four factors, which the distribution of human activities within a city in a varies ways. These factors are: 1.The location of CBD. 2.Concentration of a certain working group. 3.The close juxtaposition of harmful activities 4.Rent of the most desirable site. Effects of multiple nuclei on Industry As multiple nuclei's develop transportation hubs such as airports are constructed, these transportation hubs allow industries to be constructed with cheap transportation costs. These Transportation Hubs can also create noise pollution and lower land values so land becomes cheap. Hotels are also constructed near airports because people who travel tend to want to stay closeby to the airport or source of travel. Housing develops in wedges and gets more expensive the farther from the CBD. (Swanson 360-364)

5. Reasons of the model The theory was formed based on the idea that people have greater movement due to increased car ownership. This increase of movement allows for the specialization of regional centers (e.g. heavy industry, business park, Retail Areas). The model is suitable for the big and expanding cities. The number of nuclei, around which the city expands, depends upon the situational as well as historical factors. Multiple nuclei develop because: Certain industrial activities require transportation facilities e.g. ports, railway stations etc to lower transportation costs. Certain activities tend to stay apart e.g. residential zoning and airports etc. Certain activities are found together to their mutual advantage e.g. University, bookstore, coffee shops, etc.

6. Assumptions The internal geography of cities owes much peculiarities of their individual sites. Well-drained and wooded terrain often favors the development of a high-class residential area. Heavy industry may be attracted by a flat, ill-drained area, provided that suitable transport facilities are available and that is kind of industry is present in a particular city.

7. It shows the history of individual cities and their urban development. Land is Flat Even Distribution of Resources Even Distribution of people in Residential areas Even Transportation Costs

8. Criticisms Negligence of height of buildings. Each zone displays a significant degree of internal heterogeneity and not homogeneity. Unawareness of inertia forces. No consideration of influence of physical relief and government policy. The concepts may not be totally applicable to oriental cities with different cultural, economic and political backgrounds.

9. The model is not based on any particular city. It has a very weak spatial rule – in that it doesn’t provide a clear picture. The model cannot produce a simple model of urban structure.

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