MUMPS IN MICROBIOLOGY FOR DENTAL STUDENTS

Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a virus. It can cause painful swelling in your parotid salivary glands (parotitis). Treatment for mumps focuses on alleviating symptoms. The disease has to run its course.

2. INTRODUCTION

Mumps is a viral illness caused by a paramyxovirus, a
member of the Rubella virus family. The average
incubation period for mumps is 16 to 18 days, with a
range of 12 to 25 days.

3. DEFINITION

Mumps is an acute viral infection of childhood that
typically involves swelling of one or both parotid
| glands, although many different organs can be infected.
| |

4. INCIDENCE

In India, sporadic cases and outbreak are reported
throughout the year from all regions of the country.
Ministry of health and family welfare, Government
of India, has reported 45 outbreaks of mumps

5. ETIOLOGY & RISK FACTORS

¥ caused by a virus — paramyxovirus

y Mumps in Vaccinated People

Y Immune Deficiency After Vaccination
v Babies Born to Infected Mothers

v Viral Infection From Immunization

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory
transmission of virus

Replication in nasopharynx and
regional lymph nodes

Viremia 12 to 25 days after exposure
with spread to tissues

es OS PRESSE re eek | OCR

7. 2 .

INCUBATION PERIOD

The time between being exposed to the virus and
getting sick (incubation period) is usually 12 - 24
days

8. IFESTATIO

An estimated 20%-30% of cases are asymptomatic.

v Fever
Y Headache
¥ Sore throat

y Swelling of the parotid glands
¥ Swelling of the temples or jaw

9. ESSMENT & DIAGNOSTIC EVAUATION

1. History collection
2. Physical Examination -
| confirms the presence ofthe swollen glands. No
testing is usually required.

10. ULAB TEST

Y Pancreatic Enzyme Testing
-YSpinal Fluid Sample and Culture

y Salivary Culture

Y Antibody Tests

Y Buccal Swab Reverse Transcription Polymerase
Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

11. 0 /maging

Y Neck CT

Y Brain CT or MRI

Y Abdominal CT or Ultrasound
¥ Testicular Ultrasound

12. MANAGEMENT

13. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

Y” paracetamol drug - whether liquid,
melt-in-the-mouth, or soluble. The drug
is available in different forms
(liquid/tablet)

Y” Non aspirin fever medications

> acetaminophen

14. NON PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

«Monitor temperature
«warm or cold packs (Topical application)
«Bed rest

15. DIETARY MANAGEMENT

oA light diet with plenty fluid intake is
encouraged

oAcidic foods (such as tomato, vinegar-containing
food additives) and liquids (such as orange juice)
should be avoided to lessen oral pain yyy
discomfort

17. 1. Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements related
to infectious condition as evidenced by swelling, pain and
difficulty in swallowing

2. Acute pain related to inflammatory process.

3. Risk for deficient fluid volume related to disease condition
such as swelling and difficulty in swallowing

4, Anxiety related to change in health status.
5. Hyperthermia related to inflammatory process as

18. - Nursing intervention

> Provide analgesics and apply warm or cool compresses to
the neck area to relieve pain

» Give antibiotics and tapid sponge bath for fever

> Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration

> Provide a high calorie, nutritionally rich soft or liquid food
frequently

» Avoid spicy, sour food that stimulate salivation or require
the act of chewing
>Maasıra hody weicht daily

19. VACCINATION

>MMR (0.5 mL. / subcutaneous route)
2 doses.

| 1. at age 12-15 months

2. atage 4-6 years

» MMRV (0.5 mL. / subcutaneous route)

20. | HEALTH EDUCATION

When to Call the Doctor.
> Call the doctor if you suspect that your child has mumps

If your child has been diagnosed with mum; 18 keep track of

his or her temperature and call the doctor if goes above 101°
(38.3° Celsius)

+ Mumps can also involve the brain and its membranes, call
the doctor immediately if your child has any of the following:

Pa NA loa ila TE O A ES

21. COMPLICATIONS

o meningitis
o Encephalitis
o Orchitis

o Hearing loss

22. CONCLUSION

For a more thorough diagnosis when suspecting that
your child may have mumps, consult a paediatric
specialist. Ensure medicine dosage is followed
according to prescriptions. Contact the parents of
other children who may have come in contact with
your child during the days leading up to a diagnosed
case of the mumps, since the virus is contagious. Act
quickly when diagnosed to ensure effective treatment