Muscles of facial expression

INTRODUTION AND ANATOMY OF FACIAL MSCLES

1. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION DR.PADMASREE PATOWARY 1 ST YR PG

2. CONTENTS Introduction. Embryology. Classification. Description of each muscles. Surgical implications. Summary. References.

3. Muscle is a band or bundle of fibrous tissue in a human or animal body that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body. INTRODUCTION

4. The muscles of the head and neck perform many important tasks- Movement Of The Head And Neck Mastication Speech Facial Expressions Movement Of The Eyes.

5. These tasks require both strong, forceful movements and some of the fastest, finest, and most delicate adjustments in the entire human body. The muscles of the face are unique among groups of muscles in the body. 

6. Most muscles of the body connect to and move only bones, whereas muscles of facial expression mostly connect bones to skin. These muscles pull on the skin to produce infinite number of facial expressions.

7. Any disorder of muscles of facial expression, patient usually visits a physician, plastic surgeon and an oral and maxillofacial surgeon.

8. This makes oral and maxillofacial surgeons to have thorough knowledge on anatomy and clinical implications of muscles of facial expression essential, which in turn enables them to differentiate abnormal from normal and manage or refer appropriately.

9. EMBRYOLOGY

10. The mesenchymal component of the pharyngeal arches gives rise to special visceral musculature, which is voluntary in nature. Muscles of facial expression develops from 2 nd pheryngyal arch.

11. CLASSIFICATION Muscles of facial expression classified into two types Functionally Topographically

12. Functionally , muscles of facial expression may be regarded as regulators of three (3) openings Palpebral fissure Orbicularis oculi 1.Levator palpebral superioris 2.Occipitofrontalis Oral fissure Orbicularis oris All muscles of mouth,except mentalis Nostrils Compressor naris 1.Dilator naris 2.Depressor septi 3.Medial slip of levator labii superioris alaque nasi Opening Sphincter Dilators

13. Topographically Muscle of scalp Muscles of eyelids Muscles of nose Muscles around the mouth - Muscles of auricle -Muscles of neck

14. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

15. Muscles of the Scalp- Occipitofrontalis Occipitofrontalis Origin: Frontalis -Covers the forehead and is attached to skin of the eyebrows. Occipitalis -Lateral part of superior nuchal line of occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone

16. Insertion: Frontalis : skin of the eyebrows; Occipitalis : galea aponeurotica Innervation frontalis : temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII) occipitalis : posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve (VII) Artery Frontalis : Supraorbital and Supratrochlear artery; Occipitalis : Occipital artery.

17. Actions Elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles on the forehead.

18. Muscles of the Eyelids

19. Orbicularis oculi : Origin Orbital part: medial orbital margin and the medial palpebral ligament; Palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament. Insertion orbital part: skin of the lateral cheek; palpebral part: lateral palpebral raphe

20. Innervation Temporal & Zygomatic branches of the facial nerve (VII) Artery Supraorbital artery, Supratrochlear artery, Infraorbital artery, Angular branch of the facial artery. Actions Closes the eyelids

21.   the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone Levator palpebrae superioris muscle Origin skin of the upper eyelid, as well as the superior tarsal plate Insertion oculomotor nerve (III) and sympathetics (to the superior tarsal portion) : Innervation

22. Artery Ophthalmic artery Action Elevates and retracts the upper eyelid.

23. Corrugator Supercilli Origin : Medial end of superciliary arch Insertion : Into the skin of middle of eyebrow Innervation : Temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

24. Artery supratrochlear artery Action : Vertical lines in forehead : frowning

25. Muscles around the Nose

26. Procerus Origins nasal bone Insertion skin between the eyebrows Innervation temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

27. Artery supratrochlear artery Action depresses the medial corners of the eyebrows

28. Nasalis Origins maxilla above the incisor teeth and the canine teeth Insertion ala of the nose and midline aponeurosis Innervation buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

29. Artery superior labial branch of the facial artery. Action flattens the nose, flare the nostrils

30. Depressor septi Origin maxilla near the midline above the incisor teeth I nsertion nasal septum Innervation buccal branch of facial nerve (VII) Artery superior labial branch of the facial artery Action depresses the nasal septum; involved in flaring the nostrils

31. MUSCLES AROUND THE MOUTH

32. Orbicularis Oris : Origin: -Some fibres originate near the midline from the maxilla superiorly and mandible inferiorly -Other fibres from the buccinator in the cheek and other muscles acting on the lips Insertion: -It inserts into the skin and mucous membrane of the lips.

33. Innervation Buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) Artery Superior and inferior labial branches of the facial artery, mental artery, infraorbital artery.

34. Action: -Contraction narrows the mouth and closes the lips -Aids in protruding the lips eg:kissing -Whistling

35. Buccinator : Origin: -Upper fibres from maxilla -Lower fibres from mandible -Middle fibres from pterygomandibular raphae Insertion: -Upper fibres into upper lip -Lower fibres into lower lip -Middle fibres decussate

36. Innervation buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII) Artery facial artery.

37. Action : -Whistling muscle -Aids in mastication by maintaining the bolus between molar teeth -Involved in sucking -Forceful expulsion of air from cheek ( eg : playing an instrument)

38. Levator labii superioris alaque nasi : Origin: Frontal process of maxilla next to the nose. Insertion: Alar cartilage of nose and upper lip.

39. Innervation buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) Artery infraorbital artery, superior labial branch of the facial artery. Action: Raises upper lip and open nostrils.

40. Levator labii superioris : Origin: -From maxilla just superior to the infraorbital foramen Insertion: -Skin of upper lateral half of upper lip

41. Innervation -Buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) Artery - Infraorbital artery, superior labial branch of the facial artery Action: -Raises upper lip -Helps form nasolabial furrow in sadness

42. Levator anguli oris : Origin: -From maxilla just inferior to the infraorbital foramen Insertion -Into the skin at the corner of the mouth

43. Innervation buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) Artery infraorbital artery, superior labial branch of the facial artery. Action -Elevates the corner of mouth -Helps to deepen the nasolabial furrow during sadness

44. Depressor angular oris : Origin: -From oblique line of mandible below canine, premolar and first molar Insertion: -Into skin and upper part of orbicularis oris near the corner of the mouth

45. Innervation marginal mandibular & buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII) Artery inferior labial branch of the facial artery, mental artery. Action: -Draws the corner of the mouth downwards and laterally. -Muscle action in grief

46. Depressor labii inferioris : Origin: -From front of the mandible or anterior part of oblique line of the mandible Insertion: -Lower lip at midline, blends with muscle from opposite side

47. Innervation marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII) Artery inferior labial branch of the facial artery, mental artery. Action: -Draws the lip laterally and downward

48. Zygomaticus major Origin: -Posterior part of lateral surface of zygomatic bone Insertion -Skin at the corner of the mouth

49. Innervation Zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII) Artery Transverse facial artery, facial artery Action: Draws corner of the mouth upward and laterally Helps produce a smile and help in laughing

50. Zygomaticus minor : Origin: -From anterior part of lateral surface of zygomatic bone Insertion: -Skin at the corner of the mouth

51. Innervation buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) Artery transverse facial artery, facial artery Action: -elevates the upper lip

52. Risorius Origin: -From fascia over masseter muscle Insertion -Skin at the corner of the mouth

53. Innervation buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII) Artery transverse facial a., facial a. Action: Contraction of its fibres pulls the corner of the mouth laterally and upwards

54. Mentalis : Origin: From mandible just inferior to the incisors Insertion: -Into skin of the chin

55. Innervation Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII) Artery Mental artery, inferior labial branch of the facial artery Action: Elevates the lower lip and skin of chin

56. MUSCLES OF AURICLE

57. Auricularis Origin anterior: galea aponeurotica anterior to ear superior: galea aponeurotica superior to ear posterior: mastoid process Insertion auricle anteriorly , superiorly and posteriorly Superior auricular Anterior auricular Posterior auricular

58. Innervation anterior & superior: temporal branches of facial nerve (VII); posterior: posterior auricular branch of facial nerve (VII) Artery superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery. Action wiggle the ears

59. MUSCLES OF NECK

60. Platysma : Origin: -Upper parts of pectoral and deltoid fascia - Fibres run upwards and medially Insertion: -Anterior part of the base of the mandible -Posterior fibres to the skin of the lower face and lip -May be continuous with risorius

61. Innervation cervical branch of the facial nerve (VII) Artery facial artery Action: -Releases pressure of skin on the veins, depresses mandible, pulls the angle of the mouth downwards as in horror or surprise

62. Summery

63. orbicularis oculi orbital part: medial orbital margin and the medial palpebral ligament; palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament orbital part: skin of the lateral cheek; palpebral part: lateral palpebral raphe closes the eyelids temporal & zygomatic branches of the facial nerve (VII) supraorbital a., supratrochlear a., infraorbital a., angular branch of the facial a. orbicularis oris skin and fascia of lips and the area surrounding the lips skin and fascia of the lips purses the lips buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) superior and inferior labial branches of the facial a., mental a., infraorbital a. platysma fascia overlying the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles inferior border of the mandible and skin of lower face draws the corners of the mouth down; it aids in depression of the mandible cervical branch of the facial nerve (VII) facial a. MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION ARTERY

64. buccinator pterygomandibular raphe , mandible, and the maxilla lateral to the molar teeth angle of mouth and the lateral portion of the upper and lower lips pulls the corner of mouth laterally; presses the cheek against the teeth buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII) facial a. MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION ARTERY Corrugator supercilli medial part of the supercillary arch skin of the medial half of the eyebrow pulls eyebrows together medially temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII) supratrochlear a.

65. References. Human anatomy Volume3 B D Chaurasia Gray’s anatomy 40 th edition MedCharts Anatomy  by Thomas R. Gest & Jaye Schlesinger Published by ILOC, Inc., New York Copyright © 1995 Mackenzie, Colin (1918).  The Action of Muscles: Including Muscle Rest and Muscle Re-education England: Paul B. Hoeber . p. 1. Retrieved April 18, 2015.

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