MUSHROOM .pptx

Mushrooms belong to the kingdom of Fungi. Mushrooms are macro fungi with characteristic fruiting bodies. A mushroom can decompose organic materials and absorb nutrients. Mushrooms can be a good source of protein. Also high in fiber, rich in vitamins, and low in cholesterol.

1. MUSHROOM Presented by, Ms. A.R. Deborah (BP211501) II M.Sc. Applied Microbiology Department of Microbiology Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Tirupattur , Tamil Nadu, India

2. Agenda Mushroom Historical development Origin Characteristics Importance

3. Mushroom Mushrooms belong to the kingdom of Fungi. Mushrooms are macrofungi with characteristic fruiting bodies. A mushroom can decompose organic materials and absorb nutrients. Mushrooms can be a good source of protein. A lso high in fiber , rich in vitamins, and low in cholesterol. The living body of the fungus is mycelium made out of a tiny web of threads (or filaments) called hyphae. Most mushroom-producing fungi are members of the phylum Basidiomycota or Ascomycota. 

4. Historical development The first mushroom was cultivated around 600 A.D. This was Auricularia auricula . Later, around 800-900A.D. Flammulina velutipes was also cultivated in China. Lentinula edodes is estimated by us to have been cultivated for the first time between 1000-1100A.D. Volvariella volvacea is estimated to have been first cultivated around 1700 and Tremella fuciformis around 1800 in China.

5. Button mushroom cultivation 1630: The cultivation of white button mushrooms started first in France. 1707: Tourne fort at Royal Academy of Science, France, mentioned about compost preparation and mushroom cultivation. 1731: French method of cultivation was introduced into England by Miller. 1893: Constantin pointed out that the incidence of diseases made constant, changing of growing area necessary. 1902: Ferguson published details of spore germination and growth of mycelium. 1905: Duggar succeeded in making mycelium cultures from the tissue of mushroom caps. 1929: Lambert discovered that spawn could also be prepared from single spore cultures. 1950: Sinden and Hauser introduced ―the Short Method of composting.

6. Oyster mushroom 1917: Falck described the first successful cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus . 1951: Lowhag was the first to grow Pleurotus on sawdust mixtures. 1962: Bano and Srivastava reported mass production on straw-based substrates and their work paved the way for large scale commercial exploitation.

7. Sl. No. Species Date first cultivated Earliest record 1 Auricularia auricula 600 AD 659 2 Flammulina velutipes 800-900AD Late T’ang Dynasty (618-907) 3 Lentinula edodes 1000-1100 AD 1313 4 Agaricus bisporus 1600 AD 1650 5 Volvariella volvacea 1700 AD 1822 6 Tremella fuciformis 1800 AD 1866 7 Pleurotus . sajor-caju 1974 AD 1974 8 Pleurotus ostreatus 1900 AD 1930’s AD 1910 9 Calocybe indica 1972 1974

8. Origin of Mushroom The word mushroom is derived from the French word for fungi and moulds. Fungi were most likely cultivated for the first time around the year 600 in Asia. In Europe, the first cultivated fungi, the mushroom, was introduced in the 17th century.

9. 1651 Discovery of the mushroom in the vicinity of Paris by sprinkling the waste from melon crops with leachate from ripe mushrooms. 1707 First controlled cultivation of “edible fungi” in the vegetable garden. 1800 Mushroom cultivation in the underground stone quarries, where the climate is ideal for continuous mushroom cultivation. 1825 Mushrooms are cultivated on a country estate near Haarlem. 1900 Mushroom cultivation in the fluweelgrotten (Velvet Caves) in Valkenburg and in the St. Pietersberg caves near Maastricht. 1934 First scientific study of mushroom culture in the Research Station, Naaldwijk-The Netherlands. 1946 Laboratory for mushroom culture in Houthem St.Gerlach (South Limburg) under the guidance of the great mushroom pioneers Mr. Bels, M Sc, and his wife, Dr. Bels-Koning 1950 Construction of the first modern aboveground mushroom nurseries with several cultivation areas. The trays were made of concrete. 1953 Establishment of the CNC, the Dutch Cooperative Mushroom Growers Association in Mook. This association initiated the founding of the Research Station for Mushroom Culture in 1957 in Horst. 1955 Cultivation in wooden boxes in a tray. 1960 Cultivation in wooden beds on metal trays. 1975 Cultivation in fully metal trays, with mechanisation of inserting and removing the mushroom compost.

10. Characteristics of Mushroom Mushroom lacks chlorophyll. They cannot make their own food. Mushroom obtain their nutrition either by saprophytic or parasitic or symbiotic. They varied widely in size and shape, Mushrooms may be edible, non-edible, medicinal, poisonous, and miscellaneous in nature. They also recycle dead organic matter like animals and leaves and return the material back to the soil. It obtains nutrients by growing onto food sources, secreting enzymes to digest the food externally and absorb nutrients. Mushrooms like cool, humid, and dark environments like forests, soil, basements, and floors. The mushroom spores are spread by animal feeding, through the wind, and in other ways. Once they land on an amenable surface, they start to germinate and grow mycelium or microscopic rooting threads.

11. Importance of Mushroom Mushrooms are being used as food since time immemorial. These are rich in protein, carbohydrates, and vitamins. In addition to proteins (3.7 %), they also contain carbohydrates (2.4 %), fat (0.4%), minerals (0.6 %), and water (91%) on a fresh weight basis. Mushrooms are an excellent source of thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin ( B2), niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid, and vitamins C, D, A, and K which are retained even after cooking. They are also reported to possess anticancer activities. Mushrooms possess unique flavors and exotic tastes.

12. These are the ideal tools for recycling agricultural wastes. Have a high percentage of all the nine essential amino acids. Low starch content, low in calories with a trace of sugar and no cholesterol. Mushrooms are probiotics. They help in keeping our body healthy. By strengthening the immune system. Mushroom cultivation is easy and simple. Mushrooms have a short crop cycle

13. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING