Mushroom production technology

overview and world production of mushrooms

1. Mushroom Production Technology Presented to: Dr. Anshul Arya

2. Mushrooms- An Overview Presented By; Kinshuk Sharma 181101048

3. Introduction fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source . Mushrooms do not have chlorophyll. In the absence of chlorophyll, mushrooms cannot produce their own food and depend on higher plants for food. Mushrooms obtain nutrients from organic materials like straw, dead wood, manure, dung, etc

4. Parts of Mushroom Mushroom Body consists of following structures: Pileus Volva Lamellae Annulus Mycelial threads Scale Stipe

5. Cap or Pileus: It is the upper Expanded Mushroom part. While the surface of Mushroom is the Pileus. Cup or Volva: The volva is a Cup-Shaped structure which is present at the base of the mushroom. All mushrooms did not have a Cup or Volva. Gills or Lamellae: Gills are basically Radially arranged series from the center. Lamellae are the flat surfaces positioned on the underneath of the Cap. Inside the Gills or Lamellae Spores are made.

6. Fig.: Parts of Mushroom Mycelial Threads: Mycelial Threads are the thread-like root filaments which help in Anchoring the Mushroom inside the soil. Ring or Annulus: The Annulus is basically a Skirt-like Ring of tissue which encircles the stem of Mature Mushrooms. The ring is the residue of the veil. And the veil is the tissue that joins the stem and the Cap before the gills are visible and the fruiting body matures. While it should be considered that all Mushrooms did not have a ring. Stalk or Stipes: Stipes are the foremost backing of the mushroom. Stapes is the part which it is topped by the Cap. Not all mushrooms have a Stalk

7. History and Present Status of Mushroom Cultivation Cultivated in China on wood logs more than a thousand year ago . Button mushroom was cultivated in France about four centuries ago. The scientific cultivation of mushrooms started in the beginning of 20th century and in the initial years button mushroom was the most commonly cultivated mushroom.

8. In India, we cultivate mainly four types of mushrooms viz., button, oyster, paddy straw and milky mushroom as shown In the following pictures respectively.

9. The total estimated mushroom production in India in 2016 was around 1.3 lakh tonnes , of which button accounted for 3/4th of the production. Fig: Contribution of different species in total mushroom production in India

10. Mushroom Production throughout India Graph:Major areas of cultivation of different mushrooms in India

11. Button mushroom is cultivated throughout the year by commercial units and also during winter months by seasonal growers. The cultivation is more in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Haryana, Punjab, Uttrakhand , and Himachal Pradesh. Cultivation of paddy straw mushroom is localized to Odisha Milky mushroom is more popular in southern part of India.

12. Reasons to grow Mushrooms Quality food Way of utilizing agricultural wastes and generating wealth from the waste. The material left after growing mushrooms, commonly referred as spent mushroom substrate (SMS), can be processed into manure. Promotes sustainable manure based farming. It leads to employment generation and women empowerment. Utilizes vertical space and requires minimal land making it possible to promote mushrooms in peri-urban and urban areas also.

13. NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MUSHROOMS rich protein source having essential amino-acids with high digestibility. good for heart- as they have low fat and some of the mushrooms have compounds (like lovastatin in oyster mushroom) that are known to lower the cholesterol in the blood.

14. characterstics benefits High quality protein Combats malnutrition Low sodium high potassium Controls hypertension No starch, low sugar Delight of diabetics No cholesterol Healthy heart Rich in fibre Improves digestion Only vegetable with Vit. D Cures Ricketsia Folic acid, Vit. B and minerals Improves health