MUSIC-2.pptx...............................

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1. Music of the 20th Century (Expressionism and Electronic Music)

2. Expressionism pertains to a German school of artists and dramatists who represented the innermost experience of the artists.

3. Arnold Schoenberg Born in Vienna Most influential composer First music written was Atonal or Lacking in Key .

4. Serialism is a method of composition using series of pitches, rhythms, dynamics, timbres or other musical elements.

5. Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, though some of his contemporaries were also working to establish serialism as a form of post-tonal thinking.

6. In 1912, Pierrot Lunnaire , one of his famous works used a different style of singing, blending songs and speech, which was called Sprechstimme

7. Sprechstimme , (German: “speech-voice”), in  music , a cross between speaking and  singing  in which the tone quality of  speech  is heightened and lowered in pitch along melodic  contours  indicated in the  musical notation .  Sprechstimme  is frequently used in 20th-century music.

8. Sprechstimme

9. Electronic music

10. Electronic music was introduced in early 1950s. Different natural sounds and musical tones are transformed in various ways using electronic means then assembled on tape for playback. After this procedure, sounds of natural origin are replaced or supplemented by electronic sounds generated in a music studio

11. Electronic music production starts with the combination, modification and control of sounds produced through oscillators.

12. An oscillator is a circuit which produces a continuous, repeated, alternating waveform without any input. Oscillators basically convert unidirectional current flow from a DC source into an alternating waveform which is of the desired frequency, as decided by its circuit components.

13. This is followed by recording of the sounds on tape, after which the composers have to splice the tapes and mix the output wit recorded sounds of physical objects in motion or those of singers or speakers.

14. Electronic music was introduced by Milton Bobbitt who composed several music pieces with the use of synthesizer and tape. He invented new sounds which were evident in his works.

15. Musique concrete refers to experimentations in music with the help of electronic machines. Any kind of sound such as human singing or voice, sound from nature, speech, street noise and usual or unusual sounds may be used in this type of music.

16. Karlheinz Stockhausen applied musique concrete by recording natural sounds. These sounds were manipulated on magnetic tape. Electronic music and music concrete are responsible for the creation and production of sounds that are impossible for acoustic instruments or voices to produce.

17. During the 1950s and 1960s musique concrete were composed for ballet, films and new multi-media presentations. An example of this type of music is Poem Electronique by Edgar Varese.

18. Poem Electronique by Edgar Varese.

19. Amplified traditional musical instruments which are electronically aided are electric drum, flute, guitar, organ, violin and a lot more.