MUTATION AND MUTAGENCE BREEDING (RANJEET MAURYA)

MUTETION BREEDING

1. MUTATION Introduction Mutation is a sudden genetic change that does not result from genetic segregation or genetic recombination and occurs in the DNA of a living cell Summited by S ummited to: Ranjeet kumar Dr. Akanksha guru ma am m. Sc ( Ag) 3 rd sem. Topic = Achievements, problem or Limitation of mutation breeding

2. History of mutation Hugo de Vries  coined the term  “mutation” in 1900 .  It originated from  the Latin word  “ mutare ,” which means to change .  Mutation refers to the sudden heritable change in an organism other than those caused by Mendelian segregation and recombination . Mutation action of X- ray was discovered by Muller in 1927 on Drosophila ,and Gamma-ray and X-ray in 1928 by Stadler in Barley ( H. vulgare ) and Maize ( Z. mays,)n

3. Hugo de Vries .   (16 February 1848 – 21 May 1935 )  

4. Lewis John Stadler   (July 6, 1896 – May 12, 1954 ) was an American geneticist

5. Achievements of mutation breeding Higher yield Barley (DL 253), Pea (Hans), Groundnut (Co 2, TG 17). Short stature Barley (RDB 1),Rice ( Prabhavati ). Earliness Rice (IIT 48,IIT 60,Indira,Padmini) Stress resistance Salt tolerance in Rice (Mohan) water logging tolerance in jute ( Padma ) Bold seed size Groundnut (PB 1,PB 2,Vikram) andRice ( Jagannath ).

6. Limitation of mutation breeding The important limitations of mutation breeding are :  They are sometimes harmful to organism. The frequencies of the mutants which are desirable are usually low. The absence of detailed information of the mutagens is not good method of crop improvement. Screening the large population must be done for selecting the desirable mutation .

7. Certain desirable mutations are sometimes associated with the undesirable side effects. The detection of the recessive mutation in the clonal crops is difficult. Since most of the mutations are recessive. The mutation breeding in the polyploidy species is difficult and large doses of mutagens must be applied.