Mutilated Body..........................................

Post mortem of the mutilated body parts

1. MUTILATED BODIES Dr. VISHAL B. SURWADE, MBBS, MD, MBA(H.A.) PROFESSOR, FMT

2. In this session of the lecture, the students will learn - Examination of : Mutilated bodies Fragmented Bodies Decomposed Bodies Charred Burnt bodies Fragments / Bundles of the bones or skeleton

3. Lord 3

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6. Suicide Bomber’s Belt 6

7. EXPLOSION INJURIES Explosive material is suddenly converted into a large volume of gas with a release of a tremendous amount of energy Pressure: up to 1000 tons per square inch (psi) Temperature : up to 3000 degree Celsius Solid surfaces reflects the blast waves and increases the intensity of the blast injury 7

8. DEFINITION of EXPLOSION Explosion is an phenomenon resulting from sudden release of energy which is then dissipated by a blast wave, by translocation of the objects in the space or by heat generation . Classified into three types: Atomic Mechanical Chemical 8

9. CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES Can be gaseous, liquid or solid Black powder Nitroglycerin Dynamite TNT (Tri Nitro Toluene) IED Booby Traps 9

10. INJURIES FROM EXPLOSION ARE MAINLY DUE TO FOUR FACTORS Blast /shock waves(spreads concentrically from explosion site at a speed of sound) Flames/ Hot gases(extensive burns with blackening & Tattooing) Flying missiles Anoxia(CO,H2S, Nitrous & nitric Gases will cause histotoxic anoxia) 10

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12. CLASSIFICATION: BOMB BLAST INJURIES Primary blast injuries: direct effect of “blast overpressure.” Injuries are due to compressed air, which tends to affect air –filled organs such as Lungs, GIT, middle ear, etc. Secondary blast injuries: due to flying objects generated by the actual blast. Tertiary Blast injuries: occurs when victims are thrown into the air and strike other objects. Miscellaneous blast injuries: injuries due to fire, collapse of buildings , etc. (Collateral damages) 12

13. Blast waves from explosion 13

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15. DISRUPTIVE EFFECTS When in immediate vicinity of an explosion , victims' body would be blown into the pieces and small parts of the body may be scattered over a wide area When at a little distance away from the explosion , the injuries may be limited to the blowing off of the head or a limb or mangling of a localised area. 15

16. FLAME OR RADIANT HEAT Extensive burns Depends upon the total thermal energy , & duration of the explosion. Degree of the burns is directly proportional to the rate of the explosion Areas affected by the flash burns are dry, reddish brown & parchment like . Duration of exposure is small, so superficial burns. 16

17. DAMAGE TO EAR DUE TO AIR BLAST Most sensitive to blast Rupture of tympanic membrane Damage to cochlea & Eustachian tube Deafness (sensorineural or conductive or both) Ossicular chain gets affected Tinnitus 17

18. DAMAGE TO LUNGS DUE TO AIR BLAST Alveolar haemorrhage due to tearing of alveolar septa Lungs are bruised due to direct blow on the chest by bomb fragments and debris. Chest X-ray showing typical bilateral patchy infiltrates. Commonly known as “Blast Lungs” 18

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20. DAMAGE TO GIT Intestinal rupture Haemorrhage beneath the peritoneum and into the mesentery and omentum Blunt trauma to the abdomen can cause solid organ injuries like liver, renal and splenic contusion, lacerations and haemorrhage . 20 Multiple shrapnel entry sites (black arrows) and penetrating injury to intestine (white arrows).

21. DAMAGE TO CNS Concussion Cerebral haemorrhage Coup- contrecoup Whiplash injury 21

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23. INVESTIGATION Photographs and sketches of the scene Panchnama of the site Complete body X Ray before and after the removal of the clothes as fragments of the bomb may be trapped within the clothing or in tissues. Clothes should be preserved Tiny fragments may reveal the bomb mechanism Distribution of the injuries should be carefully drawn on a diagrams Autopsy 23

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25. POST- MORTEM EXAMINATION Identification(in case of fragmented body parts or in case of mass disasters) Radiological examination Collection of surface evidence Documentation of injuries Identification of natural diseases Collection of internal samples 25

26. BODY STIPPLING Classic triad of Abrasion Contusion & Laceration 26

27. INJURIES DUE TO EXPLOSION Blunt impact injuries Incised Penetrating Burns Fractures Scattered foci of small internal haemorrhages in brain, lungs, bowel and mesentery Ruptured stomach, intestines and bladder 27

28. SAMPLES PRESERVATION For tissue matching: Hair & blood For Toxicology: Blood(for Carboxy haemoglobin, Cyanide and Phosphorus), urine For Histopathology: to detect ARDS, pulmonary contusion or myaoglobinuric renal failure resulting from crush syndrome. Trace evidences: Glass and other foreign materials , clothing and foot wears. 28

29. MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS Accidental (In case of LPG Cylinder or Dynamite explosion ) Suicidal : Suicide bombers Identification of the deceased. Homicidal : as in case of terrorist activities Sabotage activity by various ultra leftist outfits Passenger Aircraft explosion 29

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31. CHARRED BODIES

32. BUNDLE OF BONES

33. Examination of Mutilated Body Extensively disfigured Limb or part of the body is missing Sometimes only a part of the body viz. Head, trunk or a limb is found Decide : Human or Animal One or more bodies Sex Age

34. Stature Time since death Cause of the death

35. Examination of the Bones General description : Keep the bones in anatomical arrangement and draw a skeletal chart, indicating which bones are present. A complete list of all the bones sent for examination should be prepared. Photography of all the bones are taken. Sand , dust earth present on the bones is removed with brushes. Wash the bones if required in lukewarm water

36. Are the remains actually bones? Human or animal?: Gross examination, Precipitin test(by extracting species specific protein) One or more persons Sex Age at the time of death: General age can be estimated by the resorption pattern in the cortex. Race: Often difficult, but can be done on skull. Stature. Long bones, various formulae