MW Basics NEC NEO.PPT....................

1. Microwave TransmissionMicrowave Transmission
Samad Rafiq Talha

2. Microwave . . What is it?
A point to point wireless communications
technology for the transmission
of voice, data, and video.
Transport Medium:Air

3. Relative Path Lengths
Path Length (Kms)
2
6
11
14
18
23
50304 12
Path Lengths are estimates only A path analysis is
required to achieve the availability criteria

4. Microwave Communication ConceptMicrowave Communication Concept
 10km 1km 100m 10m 1m 10cm 1cm 1mm
f 30kHz 300kHz 3MHz 30MHz 300MHz 3GHz 30GHz 300GHz
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
microwave
Microwave is a kind of electromagnetic wave. Generally speaking, it ranges from
300MHz to 300GHz (wavelength from 1mm to 1m). Microwave communication
normally adopts frequency from 3GHz to 30GHz.

5. One "HOP" of Microwave
Radio
MUX
TX
RX
Terminal "A"
Microwave
Terminal
Radio
MUX
TX
RX
Terminal "B"
Microwave
Terrminal
Antenna
Feeder
3 -50 Mi.
5 - 75 Km.
Typically
Path

6. Radio-Wave PropagationRadio-Wave Propagation
Microwave link
propagation is
influenced by
refracted, reflected,
wave propagation.
Transmitting
Antenna
Receiving
Antenna
Direct Wave
Refracted
Wave
Sky Wave
(HF only)
Reflected
Wave
Ground
Wave

7. Passive Repeater Arrangements
Terrrain Obstruction
Active Station
Active Station
Beam Bender
Back to Back Parabolic Antennas

8. Equipment Components
•IDU
•ODU
•Antenna
•Intermediate Frequency (IF) Cable
•Hybrid/ coupler
Page 8
Equipment Overview

9. Equipment ComponentsEquipment Components
Page 9
Hybrid
CouplerIF Cable
IDU
ODU
Antenna
Pole

10. IDU SpecificationIDU Specification
1+0 Configuration
Height: 1U
Wright: 4kg
1+1 Configuration
Height: 3U
Weight: 11kg
Dimension: 482mm (W) x 240mm (L) x 132mm (H) Dimension: 482mm (W) x 240mm (L) x 44mm (H)

11. ODUODU
Outdoor unit (ODU) realizes the
mutual conversion between IF
analog signal and RF signal.
Page 11

12. IF CableIF Cable
The IF cable provides -48V power for ODU
Transmits the IF signal and ODU management signal
between IDU and ODU.
The IDU and ODU are connected by IF Cable
The modulation mode and link capacity are set through
software Using IDU.
Page 12

13. Hybrid CouplerHybrid Coupler
When two ODUs share one antenna, the
ODUs must be connected to an RF signal
coupler/ splitter (hybrid coupler). Then, the
hybrid coupler is connected to the antenna.
Page 13

14. AntennaAntenna
The antenna performs the directional transmission and
reception of RF signals. The main parameters are
frequency band, diameter and antenna gain.
Page 14
Single-polarized antenna
dual-polarized antenna

15. IF Board -- IF Signal ParametersIF Board -- IF Signal Parameters
Page 15
Item Performance
IF signal
Transmitting frequency
(MHz)
350
Receiving frequency (MHz)140
Impedance (ohm) 50
ODU
management
signal
Modulation mode ASK
Transmitting frequency
(MHz)
5.5
Receiving frequency (MHz)10

16. What is Link BudgetWhat is Link Budget
Page 16
Link Budget

17. PolarizationPolarization
Page 17
Polarization is a property of waves that describes the orientation
of their oscillations. Electromagnetic waves such
as light, along with other types of wave, exhibit polarization.
It can be Horizontal or Vertical in case of MW communication.

18. TX Channel of MWTX Channel of MW
Page 18

19. Microwave Station TypeMicrowave Station Type
Spur Site: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services only in one direction.
Aggregate Site: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in two directions and
is required added to solve the problem existing in the microwave line of sight communication.
The relay station is classified into two types, active relay station and passive relay station.
Add/Drop relay station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in two
directions and adds/drops transmitted services.
Classified by Transmit and Receive Frequency
Primary station: the transmit frequency is higher than the receive frequency, also named
high station.
Non-primary station: the transmit frequency is lower than the receive frequency, also named
low station.

20. Microwave Station Type (cont.)Microwave Station Type (cont.)
Spur
f 1’
Aggregate
Primary
station
Non-primary
station
f 1
f 1’
The Primary station and the Non-primary station are usually arranged alternately
in the double-frequency radio link.
Primary
station
f 1 > f 1’
f 1
Aggregate
Aggregate
Spur
Spur

21. Microwave Network TopologyMicrowave Network Topology
The following figures show the basic topologies of the microwave
network.
Ring
network
Chain
network
Star
network
Tree
network

22. Service & Equipment Protection SchemesService & Equipment Protection Schemes
The service protection and equipment
protection schemes are as follows:
•1+1 Hot Stand By (HSB) protection
•Microwave 1+1 Space Diversity (SD)
protection
•Sub-network connection protection (SNCP)

23. 1+1 HSB Protection1+1 HSB Protection
Standby
Main
Service access
unit
Cross-connect
unit
IF unit ODU
ODU
(mute)
• In the normal state
Standby
Main
Cross-connect
unit
ODU
(mute)
ODU
Antenna
• In the switching state
• The microwave HSB protection is also called the hot standby protection.
Service access
unit
IF unit
IF unit
IF unit
Antenna

24. 1+1 Hot Standby Backup (1+1HSB)1+1 Hot Standby Backup (1+1HSB)
IDC
Service
board
Active
IF Board
Active
ODU
Hybrid coupler
Antenna
Standby
IF Board
Standby
ODUmute
mute

25. 1+1 Space Diversity (1+1 SD)1+1 Space Diversity (1+1 SD)
IDC
Service
board
Active
IF Board
Active
ODU
Antenna 1
Standby
IF Board
Standby
ODU
Antenna 2
Mute

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27. Questions!!!!!!!!!!
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