Mycology Fungi Kingdome.pptx FUNGI CELL

Mycology
Study of Fungi Kingdome
Introduction
Kingdom ;Fungi
Structure
Reproduction

1. Introduction of Fungi Fungi :eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms. These organisms are classified under kingdom fungi. The organisms found in Kingdom fungi contain a cell wall and are omnipresent. They are classified as heterotrophs among the living or ganisms.

2. Mycology Mycology   :branch of  biology  concerned with the systematic study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy, and their use to humans as a source of medicine, food,   psychotropic substances  consumed for religious purposes, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning / infection. Phytopathology : the study of plant diseases, is closely related because many plant pathogens are fungi

3. Appearance of black spots on bread left outside for some days, the mushrooms and the yeast cells, which are commonly used for production of beer and bread are also fungi. They are also found in most of the skin infections and other fungal diseases.

4. General Characteristics of Fungi : Decomposers – the best recyclers around No chlorophyll – non photosynthetic Most multicellular (hyphae) – some unicellular (yeast) Cell walls made of  chitin   (kite-in)  instead of cellulose like that of a plant Lack true roots, leaves and stems Absorptive heterotrophs Can invade the interior of a substrate with absorptive filaments Digest food externally and then absorb it Lack of chlorophyll affects the lifestyle of fungi… Not dependent on light Can occupy dark habitats Can grow in any direction

5. Structure of Fungi Body of fungus made of tiny filaments or tubes called  hyphae  . Contain cytoplasm and nuclei (more than 1) Each hyphae is one continuous cell Cell wall made of chitin A tangled mess of hyphae is called  mycelium Rhizoids  are root-like parts of fungi that anchor them to the substrate  (whatever they are bonding to) Mycelium increase the surface area of the fungi to absorb more nutrients.

6. Cell Organization : Fungi cell wall : mainly made up of chitin &cellulose. Chitin is a polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine. cellulose is nothing but a polymer of d-glucose. Besides, the cell wall may be made up of cellulose-glycogen, cellulose-chitin or polygalactosamine-galactan .

7. Reproduction : fungi either reproduces vegetatively, asexually or sexually : Vegetative Reproduction : Fragmentation: Some forms belonging to Ascomycotina and Basidiomycotina multiply by breakage of the mycelium. Budding: Some unicelled forms multiply by budding. Fission : A few unicelled forms like yeasts and slime moulds multiply by this process . Asexual Reproduction Sporangiospores :  thin-walled , non-motile spores formed in a sporangium. Zoospores :  thin-walled , motile spores formed in a zoosporangium. Conidia:  In some fungi, the spores are not formed inside a sporangium. Sexual reproduction : Plasmogamy :  Fusion of two protoplasts. Karyogamy :  Fusion of two nuclei. Meiosis:  The reduction division.

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