Mycorrhiza: Introduction Classification and Importance

Mycorrhiza: Introduction Classification and Importance

1. MYCORRHIZA

2. MYCORRHIZA
The word Mycorrhiza was coined by the german scientist
Albert bernhard frank in 1885.
The word Mycorrhiza is derived from the Greek words –
mukes
meaning fungus and rhiza meaning roots .
Mycorrhiza can be defined as a symbiotic association
between fungi and plant roots.

3. Introduction
•Mycorrhizas are symbiotic relationships between fungi
and plant roots.
•This relationship is predominantly mutualistic that is
both partners get benefit from each other.
•Mycorrhizas occur in a specialised plant organ where
intimate contact results from synchronised plant fungus
development.
•Mycorrhizas normally occur in root ,primary role of
mycorrhizas is transfer of mineral nutrients from fungus
to plant.

4. Classification of
Mycorrhiza •Based in tropic level by A.B.Frank
•Ectotropic Mycorrhiza
•Endotropic Mycorrhiza
•Based on morphological and anatomical feature
•Ectomycorrhiza
•Endomycorrhiza
•Ectendomycorrhiza
Endomycorrhizae further devided into-
•VAM Fungi
• Monotropoid mycorrhiza
•Arbutoid mycorrhiza
•Orchid mycorrhiza
•Ericoid mycorrhiza

7. Endomycorrhizae
•It is a mycorrhizal association in which
the fungal hyphae are present on root
surface as individual threads that may
penetrate directly into root hairs,
other epidermal cells and other
cortical cells.

8. VAM Fungi(Vesicular Arbuscule
Mycorrhizae)
•Fungi formed VAM assosiation with
plants may belongs to ascomycetes
, basidiomycetes and zygomycetes.
•All VAM are obligate fungi as they
are completely dependent on plant
for their survival.
•VAM is a type of mycorrhiza in
which fungus penetrate the cortical
cells of the roots of a vascular
plant.
•VAM fungi help plant to capture
nutrients such as sulphur,
phosphorous,nitrogen and
micronutrients from the soil.

9. Orchidoid Mycorrhizae
•Fungi belong to basidiomycetes and colonize member
of family orchidaceae . This association is probably
pseudomycorrhizal but play an important role in
establishment of orchid seedling.

10. Ericoid Mycorrhizae

11. Ectomycorrhiz
ae
Ectomycorrhizae are
association where fungi form
a mantle around roots . There
is no hyphal penetration of
cells.
A distinct Hartig net is
present between the cells.

12. Ectendomycorrhizae
•They share the feature of both ecto and
endomycorrhiza.
•They have less developed hyphal mantle .
•The hyphae within the host penetrate its cell and
grow within.
•These are found in both angiosperms and
gymnosperms .
•Fungus associated are Ascomycetes.
•Host are Eucalyptus , Salix , Alnus etc

13. IMPORTANCE
•95% of all the world’s plant species from mycorrhizal
relationships with fungi and that in the majority of
cases the plant would not survive without them.
•Present in 95% of plants (83%Dicots,79%Monocots
and 100% Gymnosperms).
•Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae and Junacaceae do not
have mycorrhizal assosiation(10-20%).
•The Orchidaceae are notorious as a family in which
the absence of the correct mycorrhizae in fatal even
to germinating seeds.
•Some scientists have suggested that plant were only
able to move on a land when they had developed
mycorrhizal relationships with fungi.
•Mycorrhizal have existed from a very long time and
play a significant role in nutrient recycling.

14. Contt.

15. References
https://www.sciencedirect.com/to
pics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/
endomycorrhiza
Dighton, J., 2009. Mycorrhizae.
In
 
Encyclopedia of
microbiology 
(pp. 153-162).
Elsevier Inc..
Wilcox, H.E., 1991. Mycorrhizae.
www.researchgate.net