Myocardial Infarction for fist grade medical students made by iraqi students

Take idead from it

1. Myocardial infarction Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Baghdad College of Medicine First stage 2023-2024 -Mohammed Ali Obada Jyad -Mohammed Ali Aqeel Manthoor hamza -Mohammed Alaa Abdul Hussein Allawi -Mohammed Aziz Abdul Karim Zaboon Presented by SSC -1- Assist. Lec . Ammar Adil Jasim Supervised by

2. Objectives 01 04 02 05 03 06 Definition of Myocardial infarction Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction Signs and Symptoms of Myocardial infarction Treatment Options for Myocardial Infarction Complications of Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction 07 08 Long-term Survival Rate Following Myocardial Infarction and the Effect of Discharge Medications on the Survival Rate Early intervention and prevention of myocardial infarction

3. “Definition of myocardial infarction” A heart attack, medically termed myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when a section of the heart muscle doesn't receive enough blood flow, usually due to a blockage in one of the coronary arteries. This lack of blood flow deprives the heart muscle of oxygen, leading to cell damage and potentially cell death.

4. This involves the use of medications, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or other medical procedures to treat a particular illness Behavioral therapies involve various techniques that are used to treat mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety and addiction Alternative therapies include a range of treatments that are not considered part of conventional medical practice Lifestyle changes involve making modifications to an individual's diet, exercise habits or other behaviors “Pathophysiology of myocardial infarction” 1. Ischemia 2. Cell Death 3. Inflammatory Response 4. Scar Formation

5. “Signs and Symptoms of Myocardial infarction ” due to compromised heart function, making it difficult to breathe adequately. It can occur at rest or with exertion. M ost frequent and characteristic symptom,often described as a squeezing, pressure, or tightness in the chest ,may last more than 20 minutes,may radiate to shoulders, jaw, arm, or back. Cold, clammy sweating can be a response to the stress and pain associated with a heart attack. Cold, clammy sweating can be a response to the stress and pain associated with a heart attack Shortness of Breath Chest Pain Nausea and Vomiting Activation of the autonomic nervous system during a heart attack can trigger these symptoms The experience of a heart attack can be frightening, leading to feelings of anxiety and a sense of impending doom Sweating Fatigue and Lightheadedness Anxiety

6. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Serum Cardiac Biomarkers It measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities such as ST elevations, ST depressions, T-wave inversions, and pathological Q-waves that may indicate myocardial ischemia and infarction. Troponin is the most commonly used cardiac enzyme for this purpose. When heart muscle cells are damaged, they release troponin into the bloodstream, which can then be detected by blood tests Techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide detailed images of the heart and help identify areas of damage. In addition, coronary angiography can be used to visualize the coronary arteries and detect any blockages Cardiac Imaging “Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction”

7. relation of biomarkers level in blood and duration after chest pain occurring. Coronary angiography‑lateral angiographic view shows both RCA and LCA originating from same ostium (arrow). ECG of two patients with acute STEMI and there are evident reciprocal ST depressions in both cases

8. “Treatment Options for Myocardial Infarction” 1. Thrombolytics used to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries. 2. Antiplatelet drugs like aspirin , Beta-blockers: reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen. demand. 3. ACE inhibitors or ARBs : improve heart function 1.Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) 2.Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Medications Lifestyle Changes Dietary modifications, Regular physical activity, Smoking cessation, Weight management. Regular medical check-ups, Diagnostic tests : such as echocardiograms and Electrocardiogram. Medical Procedures Monitoring and Follow-up morphine oxygen nitroglycerine asa

9. “Complications of Myocardial Infarction” 1 . Arrhythmias :such as ventricular tachycardia. 2 . Heart Failure . 3. Cardiogenic Shock :In severe cases. 4 . Pericarditis :Inflammation of the pericardium.  5 . Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) : rupture in the wall separating the heart’s chambers.  6 . Papillary Muscle Rupture :that can lead to heart failure.  7 . Thromboembolism :Blood clots may form in the heart's chambers.  8. Post-Infarction Angina .      

10. “Long-term Survival Rate Following Myocardial Infarction and the Effect of Discharge Medications on the Survival Rate” I n a retrospective cohort study, 21,181 patients who suffered from MI and were hospitalized in the cardiac care unit (CCU).To evaluate survival rate, the differences between groups, and the factors related to MI death, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were used, respectively. As a result, one, three, five, and seven-year survival rates of patients were 88%, 81%, 78%, and 74%, respectively the highest 7-year survival rate of 86% (95% CI: 72%, 93%) was related to people who consumed anticoagulants, aspirin, clopidogrel, beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzymes (ACEs), and angiotensin II receptor antagonist simultaneously.

11. " Survival rate by gender groups "

12. “Early intervention and prevention of myocardial infarction” Prevention is key to reducing the burden of this disease. The INTERHEART study performed in 52 countries around the world has shown that the major risk factors are tobacco smoking, elevated apolipoprotein A, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, psychosocial factors, low fruit and vegetable intake, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption. Strategies for prevention by reducing risk factors are applicable universally. Individual healthcare providers can implement primary and secondary preventive measures to individual patients.

13. Survival rate for different medication groups "

14. Please keep this slide for attribution Thank you for tuning in