Myocardial infraction heart attack 1 by k.anirudh singh .pptx

This pptx is about heart attack

1. “HEART ATTACK ” Myocardial Infarction

2. The Heart › Is a muscle the size of a clenched fist › Is located behind the breastbone › Pumps about 100,000 times a day › Pumps about 7,600 litres of blood er day

3. What Is Heart Attack? › Occurs when the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle become blocked. › Partially blocked it causes angina. ›When fully myocardial ttack! blocked infar ction it causes a or a heart

4. Right Coronary Artery Aola LeACoronay Artery Circumflex Apery Left Anterior Oescending Alery

5. Nomal Partially 95% O ccluded Occluded Artery Arterial BranCh Restricted Blood Flow Bločkage Figvre f-d. Gradual narrrowing of a coronary ai1ery through the progression of atherosclerosis.

6. Other warning signs of a heart attack Shortness of breath Sweating Nausea Light- headedness

7. Warning Signs › Chest pain (angina) › Heaviness, tightness, pain, burning, pressure or squeezing ° behind the breastbone or in the arms, neck, or jaws › Perhaps no pain

8. Consequencess › Lack of oxygen due to ischemia (lack of blood supply) › Narrowing of coronary arteries › Heart responds with angina › Finally, heart attack (myocardial infarction) ¿Possible permanent damage

9. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation › Help during a cardiac arrest › Give breaths and pump the heart › Done by ordinary people › Saves lives

10. Risk Factors › Unchangeable Risk Factors › Changeable Risk Factors

11. Unchangeable Risk Factors › Age- the older you get, the greater the chance. › Sex- males have a greater rate even after women pass menopause. › Family history- if family members have had CHD, there is a greater chance.

12. Changeable Risk Factors › Hypertension › Serum cholesterol › Obesity › Diabetes Mellitus › Physical Inactivity › Cigarette Smoking › Alcohol Intake

13. Normal vessel Hypertension “Blood measures hard pushes pressure how blood against the blood vessel walls.” /,› •-

14. Blood pressure has TWO numbers › Top number = pressure when heart contracts (systolic) › Bottom number = pressure when heart relaxes (diastolic) › Example: healthy BP = 120 80

15. Opémal High dlood pressure fligh normal Classifications cf hypertension <120- 129 <80- 85 mm fig 140 90 mm hg or higher 130- 139 8&89 mm fig or higler

16. ** “ Increase risk of stroke Increase risk of heart disease y Damage kidneys and eyes Cause impotence Disrupt circulation

17. Cholesterol › Waxy fat substance in the blood › Our body needs cholesterol to function › Liver makes all the cholesterol it needs to survive › Other sources of cholesterol come from food › Cholesterol is found in animal products such as meat, eggs and whole milk dairy products › If the level of cholesterol gets to high, it can stick to artery walls and cause serious health problems

18. Cholesterol Level Totals Ch olesterol/ Under 200 200 - 239 Over 240 HDL Cholesterol The fi1 D k n I LDL Cholesterol The B.? kind - a Iov.’e r n Li be r is better OverBO Under 40 Under 60 Under 70 Und!er 100 100 - 129 130 - 159 180 - 189 Dver 190 Desirable Borderline High High Optimal Low ror Men Low for Women Optimal for those with heart or blood vessel disease Op fi in al i.aI so for diabetics & those with ri s k factors far heart di seas ej Near Optimal Borderline High High ›/ery High Triglycerides Under 160 150 - 199 200 - 498 Dver SOO Normal Borderline High High Very High

19. Good Cholesterol › HDL is known as the good cholesterol. It helps carry some of the bad cholesterol out of the body. › It does not have the tendency to clog arteries. › Levels should be >35. › High levels of HDL >60 can actually negate one other risk factor.

20. Bad Cholesterol › LDL is known as bad cholesterol. tendency to increase risk of CHD. It has a › LDL's are a major component atherosclerotic plaque that clogs arteries. of the › Levels should be <130

21. Most important High cholesterol does not have any symptoms. If neglected, it can produce serious problems like Angina Heart attack Stroke Tackle the cholesterol now Tomorrow it might be too late

22. How can I bring down my cholesterol levels ? Proper diet Exercise regularly Stop smoking Reduce alcohol Follow the medication prescribed by your doctor Remember, what is good for you, your doctor knows the best

23. Obesity › Associated with diabetes mellitus hypertensicn cholesterol abnormality › Body mass index Weight (km) Height (m2) 20- 25 : Ideal > 28 : Overweight ¿30 : Obesity

24. Obesity › People who are obese have 2 to 6 times the risk of developing hypertension. › Location of the body fat is significant.

25. Diabetes Mellitus I azø tNe zuz Less thari HO State off ØoÕy ì31oœl Cìfuoc se in cdl

26. Diabetes › 2- 4 fold risk for CHD › Asymptomatic CHD - 30- 40% › Painless AMI, arrythmias, CCF, longer hospital stay › CHD- A major (60%) cause of mortality

27. Physical Inactivity › Increasing physical activity has shown to decrease blood pressure. been › Moderate to intense physical activity for 30- 45 minutes on most days of the week is recommended.

28. Smoking › Causes an increase in blood pressure › Lowers the levels of HDL › Within 1 year of quitting, CAD risk decreases, within 2 years it reaches the level of a nonsmoker.

29. Smoking › Contributes to development of atherosclerosis › Lowers levels of HDL ° causes deterioration of elasticity of vessels ° Responsible for 20% of all deaths from heart disease Female smokers have a higher risk than male smokers

30. Alcohol Intake › In small amounts it acts as a vasodilator. › In large amounts it acts as a vasoconstrictor & adds to the caloric intake › The good & Bad affects of Alcohol are divided with a very fine line!

31. Alcohol not too good either! 51 Alcohol kills brain cells Damages liver Increases BP Añects heartbeat Increases risk of hea¥ axack 190 170 160 150 130 110 70 50 180 140 120 100 80 60

32. Stress- what does it do? Brings forth negative feelings Adversely afiects productivity Increases BP Increases Complications 130 110 90 50 140 120 100 80 60

33. 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 _ 60 50

34. Ways to relax 45 G Enjoy Music G Do gardening. G Read books. 190 150 140 130 120 ] 10 100 90 80 70 60 50 180 160

35. Indian Scenario High Carbohydrate intake Very little physical exertion Very little interest in sports Higher incidence of diabetes and obesity

36. Diagnosis Typical History Electrocardiography Serum Cardiac Markers Echocardiography Stress Testing Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Coronary Angiography

37. What you must do? › Call for help › Do not attribute it to “Gas” › Reach a hospital as soon as possible › Insist on an ECG › Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

38. › Drugs › Angioplasty & Stent › Coronary Aûery Bypass Surgery Treatment

39. › Aspirin is an antiplatelet agent › Aspirin should be given in a dose of 75- 325 mg/day to all patients with ACS unless there is a contraindication › Clopidogrel is a potent antiplatelet agent › Give 300 mg loading dose followed by 75 mg/day

40. Prevention - Diet › Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables every day. ( 5 servings - they are naturally low in fat and high in vitamins and minerals) › Eat a variety of grain products › Choose nonfat or low- fat products. › Use lean meats- choose chicken, fish, turkey and lean cuts of beef and pork. › Switch to fat- free milk- gradually reduce the fat content of the milk you drink.

41. Diet › Choose fats with 2 gms or less of saturated fats per serving such as liquid and tub margarines, canola oil and olive oil. › Balance the # of calories you eat with the number of calories you use each day. › Maintain a level of physical activity that keeps you fit and matches the # of calories you eat.

42. Diet › Limit your intake of foods high in calories and low in nutrition, including foods like soft drinks and candy. › Limit foods high in saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol. › Eat less than 6 gms of salt a day. › Have no more than one alcoholic drink a day.

43. Exercise › Adults aged 18- 64 should accumulate at least 150 minutes of moderate-to- vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity per week in bouts of 10 minutes or more › Be active most days of the week › Consult a healthcare before starting an activity program professional

44. › Avoid Smoking › Blood Pressure Control, BP < 140/90 › Physical Activity › Lipid Control. Cholesterol < 200 Mg/DI › › LDL HDL < 130 Mg/DI > 35 Mg/DI › Diabetic Control › Weight Reduction › Aspirin in High Risk Groups › Diet . Cholesterol Free Diet with plenty of fruits vegetables and fibres

45. BP Blood Sugar BMI Salt

46. Conclusions › Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer. › It is highly preventable and controllable with diet and exercise.

47. THANK YOU