naming organic compounds naming organic compounds

naming organic compounds

1. Naming Inorganic Naming Inorganic
CompoundsCompounds
AP Chemistry AP Chemistry

2. We will focus on:We will focus on:

IonsIons
–CationsCations

Single and polyatomicSingle and polyatomic
–AnionsAnions
–SingleSingle
–PolyatomicPolyatomic
–OxyanionsOxyanions
–Anions derived by adding HAnions derived by adding H
++

3. CationsCations

Cations are the + Cations are the +

We name monoatomic ions as We name monoatomic ions as
follows:follows:
–Keep name and add the word -ionKeep name and add the word -ion
–Two systemsTwo systems
Fe
2+
iron (II) ion
Fe
3+
iron (III) ion
Also called Fe
2+
ferrous ion
Fe
3+
ferric ion
Cu
+
copper (I) ion
Cu
2+
copper (II) ion
Also called Cu
+
cuprous ion
Cu
2+
cupric ion

4. Polyatomic cationsPolyatomic cations

Ammonium ionAmmonium ion

Hydronium ionHydronium ion

5. AnionsAnions

Anions are –Anions are –

Name as follows:Name as follows:
–chop off ending and add chop off ending and add –ide–ide
–For example:For example:

Hydride ionHydride ion

Oxide ionOxide ion

Nitride ionNitride ion

Some polyatomics:Some polyatomics:
OHOH
--
CN-CN- OO
22
2-2-

6. Polyatomic anions containing Polyatomic anions containing
oxygenoxygen

These are called oxyanionsThese are called oxyanions
–They are named by # of oxygen atomsThey are named by # of oxygen atoms
–For example:For example:
NO
3
-
nitrate
NO
2
-
nitrite
SO
4
2-
Sulfate
SO
3
2-
Sulfite
-ate ending goes to the ion is series with more oxygen
-ite goes to the lower ion in series

7. 
Prefixes used when there is up to 4 Prefixes used when there is up to 4
in seriesin series

For example:For example:
 ClOClO
44
--
perchlorate ionperchlorate ion
 ClOClO
33
--
chlorate ionchlorate ion
 ClOClO
22
--
chlorite ionchlorite ion

ClOClO
--
hypochlorite ionhypochlorite ion
Polyatomic anions containing Polyatomic anions containing
oxygen oxygen cont..cont..

8. Anions w/ HAnions w/ H
++

Carbonate ionCarbonate ion hydrogen carbonatehydrogen carbonate

Phosphate ionPhosphate ion dihydrogen dihydrogen
phosphatephosphate
CO
3
2-
HCO
3
-
PO
3
3-
H
2
CO
3
-
Older method added mono and bi..such as sodium bicarbonate
NaHCO
3

9. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

Just put them together!Just put them together!

Cation + Anion equals nameCation + Anion equals name

For example:For example:
–Barium bromideBarium bromide
–Aluminum nitrateAluminum nitrate
–Copper (II) perchlorateCopper (II) perchlorate
–Sodium permanganateSodium permanganate

10. Name / write formulas for the Name / write formulas for the
followingfollowing

Sodium nitriteSodium nitrite

Hydrogen peroxideHydrogen peroxide
KK
22CrCr
22OO
77

Calcium hypochloriteCalcium hypochlorite

Strontium SulfiteStrontium Sulfite

11. Names of acidsNames of acids

Two ways of naming:Two ways of naming:
–Acids based on anions that end in Acids based on anions that end in –ide–ide
–Acids based on anions that end in Acids based on anions that end in –ate–ate
or or -ite-ite
Cl
-
Chloride ion HCl hydrochloric acid
S
2-
sulfide ion H
2S hydrosulfuric acid
ClOClO
44
--
perchlorate ionperchlorate ion HClOHClO
44perchloric acidperchloric acid
ClOClO
33
--
chlorate ionchlorate ion HClOHClO
33chloric acidchloric acid
ClOClO
22
--
chlorite ionchlorite ion HClOHClO
22chlorous acidchlorous acid
ClOClO
--
hypochlorite ionhypochlorite ion HClOHClO hypochlorous acidhypochlorous acid

12. Naming Compounds Flashcard Naming Compounds Flashcard
ActivityActivity

Write the following cations and Write the following cations and
anions on flashcards and practice anions on flashcards and practice
combining then together to make combining then together to make
compoundscompounds

13. Monoatomin CationsMonoatomin Cations

14. Polyatomic AnionsPolyatomic Anions

Write the polyatomic ions on index cards Write the polyatomic ions on index cards
and the name on the reverse sideand the name on the reverse side

15. Name the followingName the following
–CC
22HH
3300
22
--
–COCO
33
2-2-
–SOSO
44
2-2-

–ClOClO
33
--

–ClOClO
22
--

–ClOClO
--

16. Write formulas for the followingWrite formulas for the following
–nitratenitrate
–nitritenitrite
–perchlorate perchlorate
–phosphatephosphate
• Sulfide
• Fluorine
• Bromide
• Iodide
• Chloride

17. Acids Acids

Make an HMake an H
++
card card

Use the following to make acidsUse the following to make acids
–acetate, Cacetate, C
22HH
3300
22
--
–carbonate, COcarbonate, CO
33
2-2-
–sulfate, SOsulfate, SO
44
2-2-

–chlorate, ClOchlorate, ClO
33
--

–chlorite, ClOchlorite, ClO
22
--

–hypochlorite, ClOhypochlorite, ClO
--
–nitrate, NOnitrate, NO
33
--
–nitrite, NOnitrite, NO
22
--
–perchlorate, ClOperchlorate, ClO
44
--
– phosphate, POphosphate, PO
44
3-3-

Sulfide S
2-
Fluorine F
-
Bromide Br
-
Iodide I
-

Chloride Cl
-

18. Name these acidsName these acids

HCNHCN
HNOHNO
33
HH
22SOSO
44
HH
22SOSO
33

Hydrobromic AcidHydrobromic AcidHBrHBr
Hydrocarbonic AcidHydrocarbonic Acid HH
22COCO
33
Hydrocyanic acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
Sulfurous acid

19. Covalent compoundsCovalent compounds

Nonmetal + nonmetalNonmetal + nonmetal

Sharing of electrons!Sharing of electrons!

Element w/ lower electronegativity is Element w/ lower electronegativity is
firstfirst
One – mono six - hexa
Two – di seven - hepta
Three – tri eight - octa
Four – tetra nine - nona
Five – penta ten - deca

20. Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds

Name the followingName the following
–NN
22OO
55
–CClCCl
44
–SS
33NN
22