Nanotechnology and graphene(part of smart materials) PPT.pptx

Topic - Nanotechnology and graphene

1. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND GRAPHENE – PART OF SMART MATERIAL Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla Department of Mechanical Engineering Presented by: Rishav Mishra Regd no : 2305090014 Department of Mechanical engineering

2. CONTENTS - INTRODUCTION TO SMART MATERIAL TYPES OF SMART MATERIAL AN OVERVIEW OF NANOTECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS GRAPHENE STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAPHENE APPLICATION FUTURE ASPECTS AND PROSPECTIVE CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION TO SMART MATERIALS - Smart materials and structures can be defined as the materials and structures that sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli, such as those from mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic or other sources . Smart materials , also called intelligent or responsive materials,  are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, moisture,  electric  or  magnetic fields , light, temperature, pH, or chemical compounds.  Smart materials are the basis of many applications, including sensors and actuators, or artificial muscles, particularly as  electroactive polymers(EAPs). Smart Materials are categorized on the basis of their properties such as Active and Passive. Active Smart Materials possess the capability of modifying their geometric and material properties under the application of electric, thermal or magnetic fields there by acquiring an inherent capacity to transduce energy. Passive Smart Materials lack the inherent capability to transduce energy. The three basic components of smart system are sensor, processor and actuator.

4. TYPES OF SMART MATERIAL - A. Shape Memory Alloys ( SMAs) : Shape Memory Alloys are a unique class of metal alloys that can recover apparent permanent strains when they are heated above a certain temperature .. B. Piezoelectric Materials : The term piezoelectricity is a blend of two terms: “ piezo ” which is a Greek term meaning pressure and “electricity” referring to electric charges. By the application of stress or strain piezoelectric material changes the mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice-versa. Similarly, piezoelectric actuators convert electrical signals into a mechanical movement which is used for adjusting mirrors, lenses and various automotive parts. C. Magneto-Rheological Fluids : Magneto-Rheological Fluids (MRFs) will change their rheological properties like stress and viscosity on the application of the magnetic field. Magneto-Rheological Fluids (MRFs) are also called Magneto-Sensitive Smart Materials. Magneto-Rheological Fluids (MRFs) have the properties such as visco -elastic in nature, magnetic property, light in weight, controllable modulus and excellent sound absorbing. D. Electro-Rheological Fluids : The Electro-Rheological Fluids (ERFs) is the suspension of very small particles in electrical insulating fluid when the electric field is applied, they will rapidly form a solid-like structure in the direction of the field. Electro-Rheological Fluids (MRFs) have the properties such as stiff, damping coefficient is changed in the electric field, high dielectric constant, interfacial bond strength, constable rheology and dielectric in nature. E. Optical Fiber : A flexible and transparent fiber which is made by drawing glass/ plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than the diameter of the human hair is called Optical Fiber.

5. AN OVERVIEW OF NANOTECHNOLOGY - Nanotechnology has enormous potential to change society and it involves manipulation of objects on the automic level. The products will be build on every atom that are stronger, smarter, cheaper, cleaner, and more precise. Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating matter at the nanoscale (down to 1/100,000 the width of a human hair) to create new and unique materials and products. “Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.”

6. ORIGIN OF NANOTECHNOLOGY- Noble prize winner Richard Feynman first conceived the idea of molecular manufacturing in his 1959 speech, “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom." Richard Feynman was the first scientist to suggest that devices and materials could someday be fabricated to atomic specifications In 1986, K. Eric Drexler wrote "Engines of Creation" and introduced the term nanotechnology from there Scientific research really expanded over the last decade

7. ADVANTAGES- Nanotechnology is suitable for low-cost and high-volume production. It has a reduced size, mass, and power consumption It has high functionality. It has advanced features like reliability and robustness.

8. DISADVANTAGES- Loss of jobs (manufacturing, farming, etc) Atomic weapons more accessible and destructive Nanotechnology cannot solve all our present issues. There is a problem in testing a billion molecules electronic circuit. The computing of nanoscale is amorphous. It has the “price of programmability.”

9. APPLICATION- In the improved transportation like the intelligent cars In nanocomposites In the atom computers In the memories that have the high storage capacity In the molecular electronics In the military In the smart furnitureIn solar energy In the medical uses

10. GRAPHENE-AN OVERVIEW Graphene is a material that is extracted from graphite and is made up of pure carbon, one of the most important elements in nature and which we find in daily objects like the lead of a pencil. Graphene stands out for being tough, flexible, light, and with a high resistance . Graphene is an a llotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice   nanostructure.The name is derived from "graphite" and the suffix - ene , reflecting the fact that the graphite allotrope of carbon contains numerous double bonds . Graphene is a single layer of graphite or carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. More importantly, it is one of the most promising nanomaterials ever to be discovered. Graphene is the world's thinnest, strongest and most electrical and thermal conductive material .

11. STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE - Graphene is a single layer (monolayer) of carbon atoms, tightly bound in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. It is an allotrope of carbon in the form of a plane of sp2-bonded atoms with a molecular bond length of 0.142 nanometres , Each atom in a graphene sheet is connected to its three nearest neighbors by σ-bonds and a delocalised  π-bond, which contributes to a valence band that extends over the whole sheet. This is the same type of bonding seen in carbon nanotubes  and  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and (partially) in fullerenes and  Glassy carbon.The valence band is touched by a conduction band, making graphene a semimetal with unusual electronic properties that are best described by theories for massless relativistic particles.

12. Is graphene a smart material ? -The high specific surface area and the excellent mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties of graphene make it an attractive component for high-performance stimuli-responsive or 'smart' material. -More importantly, it is one of the most promising nanomaterials ever to be discovered. Graphene is the world's thinnest, strongest and most electrical and thermal conductive material.

13. What characteristics and properties of graphene ? Among the diverse properties of graphene , the ones that stand out most are its high thermal and electrical conductivity, elasticity, toughness, lightness, and resistance. These characteristics could be of great use for innovation in different sectors and represent a real revolution . High conductivity -Through the use of graphene , the useful life of batteries could be increased by 10, as well as charging in less time, which translates into an autonomy improvement. It's only a matter of time before graphene replaces a large part of the lithium batteries currently in use . Lightness - Graphene is also suitable for manufacturing batteries for drones, as these would be lighter and tougher. Let’s remember that these pieces that accumulate energy are some of the heaviest in technology and reducing their weight could be a great innovation .  

14. Transparency and flexibility - Graphene is a transparent material and absorbs very little light (only 2%). Thanks to that and its flexibility, flexible screens could be manufactured for all types of devices. Furthermore, graphene can be folded like cling film, so the chances of breakage are much lower. It could be applied in the manufacturing of cellphones , televisions, vehicles, etc . High resistance - As well as being an excellent electric conductor, graphene is a very resistant material, so big advances in the lighting sector are expected. For example, graphene light bulbs could increase the useful life of each globe and consume less energy than the LED lights that we currently have. 

15. APPLICATION -

16. FUTURE OF SMART MATERIAL AND TECHNOLOGY (NANOTECHNOLOGY, NANOPARTICLES AND GRAPHENE) - Nanotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of application. Nanotechnology will redesign the future of several technologies, products and markets. Scientists and engineers can now work with materials at the atomic level to create stain-proof fabrics, scratch-resistant paints, more efficient fuel cells and batteries We can expect to see graphene and other nanomaterials becoming more mainstream, with their applications extending beyond what's currently imaginable . The development of smart materials that can adapt to their environment, self-heal, or change properties on demand is also on the horizon . Graphene has been hailed as the perfect material  to advance emerging technologies For practical application .

17. CONCLUSION- Smart material are now being explored and experimented more as compare to previous decades due to thr fast growing technology. Nanotechnology offers the ability to build large numbers of products that are incredibly powerful Nanotechnology is heavily intertwined with biotechnology and information technology, making its scope very wide The Graphene and Nanotechnology industry is mainly used to create new world . Still there are some limitation in all these materials.

18. REFERENCES- Wikipedia Youtube Instagram Studymafia.org Sciencedirect.com Research gate Science and academic publishing Google National institute of AIST

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