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ESP presentation

1. THE ROLES OF ORGANISM IN THE CYCLING OF MATERIALS AND HOW MATERIALS CYCLE IN AN ECOSYSTEM

2. The cycling of materials in ecosystem as energy and matter flow through an ecosystem, matter must be recycled and reused. s ubstances such as water, carbon, calcium, and phosphorus each pass between the living and nonliving worlds through biogeochemical cycles. in biogeochemical cycles, interactions of organisms and their environments continuously recycle these elements. if not for this worldwide recycling program, supplies of essential elements would have been depleted as they became bound in the bodies of organisms that lived eons ago.  ”eons” means very long period of time

3. W ater C ycle T he water cycle moves water from the ocean to the atmosphere, onto land, and back to the oceans. T hree important processes in the water cycle are evaporation, transpiration, and precipitation . T ranspiration -water enters the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves of plants P recipitation -water enters the atmosphere as rain fall E vaporation -water changes from liquid to gas C ondensation -water changes from gas to liquid   R unoff -runs along surface and becomes ground water.

4. Carbon cycle CO 2 is taken up by plants during photosynthesis CO 2 is released by organisms during respiration;fires , volcanoes CO 2 is also released by autos industries C arbon, precent in all organic molecules, moves through the food chain as one organism eats another.

5. Carbon cycle T hree large reservoirs where carbon is found in the biosphere A tmosphere as CO2 gas. O ceans as dissolved CO2. U nderground as coal petroleum, and calcium carbonate rock. T here is much talk in the news about carbon and high CO2 causing global warming. P lants take up CO2 during photosynthesis.

6. Carbon cycle How do the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs differ in relation to the carbon cycle? P roducers take in CO2 and consumers and consumers release CO2 during respiration. W hat are the human impact on the cycle? F ossil fuels-factories, vehicles, human activity V olcanic activity also releases CO2 into atmosphere

7. OXYGEN CYCLE E ssential for animals during respiration, released by plants. C ycles much like the carbon cycle. W hat is threatening this cycle? F orest deforestation, ocean pollution, etc .

8. Nitrogen Cycle 78% of the volume of the atmosphere most complex cycle N 2 gas can’t be used as is - it must be ‘ fixed ’ so that organisms can use it -N2 fixation-occurs in plant, by bacteria -ammonification -assimilation -denitrification N 2 gas is modified by ‘’ nitrogen-fixing ’’ bacteria in legumes into ammonia (nh3)-nitrogen fixation-aids in production of sugars/starches D enitrification is the process by which some soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas. Nitrogen fixation:bacteria in root nodules of legumes an example of mutualism.

9. NITROGEN CYCLE What if there is no nitrogen cycle? W ithout enough nitrogen ,  plant growth is affected negatively . With too much nitrogen , plants produce excess biomass, or organic matter, such as stalks and leaves, but not enough root structure. In extreme cases, plants with very high levels of nitrogen absorbed from soils can poison farm animals that eat them.

10. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE P hosphorus is release as a rocks erode and plants absorb the phosphorus V ery slow process P hosphorus passes from one organism to another in the food chain. D ecomposers release phosphorus during decomposition

11. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE H ow and in what form(s) does phosphorus enter and leave the cycle? F rom rocks and soil and enters though water and plants. W hy is phosphorus essential to living organism? F or their dna and rna .

12. Limiting N utrient A nutrient that is in short supply in an ecosystem and will slow growth. I f limiting nutrient is found in large supply it can cause an algal bloom to occur. T oo much of the limiting nutrient will cause excessive and fast growth of organism.